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Understanding Inertia. Inherent Limitations on Evaluating “Upstream” Prevention Interventions. Intervention Strategies. “Upstream” Interventions School and community based prevention Disrupting Supply “Downstream” Interventions Treatment Incarceration of Users
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Understanding Inertia Inherent Limitations on Evaluating “Upstream” Prevention Interventions
Intervention Strategies • “Upstream” Interventions • School and community based prevention • Disrupting Supply • “Downstream” Interventions • Treatment • Incarceration of Users • Enforcement/Treatment Partnerships
Understanding Inertia • Empirical illustration using household survey data • Structural explanation with a model of illicit drug use • Mathematical representation of system inertia
Empirical Illustration Source SAMDHA 2006
Mathematical Representation f(t) probability that an individual manifests outcome of interest in year t I(t) Initiation in year y X(t) aggregate level of outcome at time t
One year interruption of initiation with f(t)=1 for T = 0.5, T = 1, T = 2, T = 10, years. Convolution Integral
Conclusions For upstream interventions evaluated with downstream indicators…
Conclusions For upstream interventions evaluated with downstream indicators… …No news is really no news.