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Lesson 9: HTML Frames

Lesson 9: HTML Frames. Lesson 9 Objectives. Define frames and the purpose of the frameset document Use the <frameset> and <frame> tags Create a frameset document Identify the purpose of the <noframes> tag Target links from one frame to another Specify default targets using the <base> tag

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Lesson 9: HTML Frames

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  1. Lesson 9:HTML Frames

  2. Lesson 9 Objectives • Define frames and the purpose of the frameset document • Use the <frameset> and <frame> tags • Create a frameset document • Identify the purpose of the <noframes> tag • Target links from one frame to another • Specify default targets using the <base> tag • Create borderless frames, and control margins and scrolling in frames • Identify the purpose of inline frames • Discuss the appropriate use of frames • Consider search engine optimization (SEO) issues when using frames

  3. The <frameset> Tag • A container tag, requires a closing </frameset> tag • Determines the frame types and sizes on the page • Two frame types: • Columns • Rows

  4. Columns Example • This frameset was created by the following code: <frameset cols="35%,65%"> </frameset>

  5. Rows Example • This frameset was created by the following code: <frameset rows="180,*"> </frameset>

  6. The <frame> Tag • Defines the content in each frame • Placed between the <frameset> </frameset> tags • The src attribute specifies the file that will appear in the frame • In example, the page that will appear in the top frame is the file fl-toc.html, and the page that will appear in the lower frame is fl-second.html: <frameset rows="180,*"> <frame src="fl-toc.html"/> <frame src="fl-second.html"/> </frameset>

  7. The Frameset Document • Contains the the <frameset>, <frame> and <noframes> elements • The <frameset> and <frame> tags will create frames only if they are placed correctly into this document • In the frameset document, the <frameset> element takes the place of the <body> element • The opening <frameset> tag follows the closing </head> tag • The <frameset> tag must contain either the rows attribute or the cols attribute, or both

  8. Viewing Source with Framesets • Click on the frame you want to view • Take the necessary steps to view the source code • The same instructions apply to printing from a frame

  9. The <noframes> Tag • For user agents that cannot render frames • Displays alternative text or images • In some ways, similar to the alt attribute for the <img> tag • Code: <noframes> <body> If you had a frames-capable browser, you would see frames here </body> </noframes>

  10. Targeting Frames with Hyperlinks • Use the name attribute to name a frame, then target the frame name with hyperlinks • The syntax for naming a frame is as follows: <frame src="url" name="framename"/> • The following code names a frame: <frame src="james.html" name="authors"/> • The following code targets this frame: <a href="james.html" target= "authors"> Visit James </a> • If a user clicks the Visit James link, the James page will open in the Authors frame

  11. Specifying a Base Target • A base target automatically sets a default target frame for all links in a page • Created using the <base> tag • Code: <base target="main" href="page.html"/> • This code will cause all linked pages to open in the frame named “main” • The href attribute is optional

  12. Borders, Margins and Scrolling • To create borderless frames, add the frameborder attribute to the <frame> tag • frameborder= "1" causes borders to display (the default) • frameborder= "0" hides borders • Example: <frame src="home.html" name="main" frameborder="0"/>

  13. Borders, Margins and Scrolling (cont'd) • Frame margin width and height • The marginheight attribute designates the space, in pixels, between the top and bottom margins • The marginwidth attribute designates the space, in pixels, between the left and right margins

  14. Borders, Margins and Scrolling (cont'd) • Scrolling frames • The scrolling attribute to the <frame> tag controls whether the scrollbar appears • The scrolling attribute values: • "yes" — enables scrolling (the default) • "no" — disables scrolling • "auto" — allows the browser to decide • Example: <frame src= "ex.html" name= "ex" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"/>

  15. Inline Frames • Inserts an HTML or XHTML document inside another • Also called "floating frames" • Created with the <iframe> tag • The browser reads the <iframe> tag from the file, then makes a separate request to the server for the embedded file

  16. Inline Frames (cont'd) • Simple XHTML page with inline frame: <h1>iFrame Example</h1> <p><strong>This text is found in iframe.html </strong><p/> <iframe src="embedded.html" scrolling= "yes"> Your browser does not support frames </iframe> <p><strong>This text is also found in iframe.html. </strong></p> • The next slide shows the results of this code…

  17. Inline Frames (cont'd)

  18. Inline Frames (cont'd) • Inline frames are useful for: • Web documents in which all content will remain static, except for one section (e.g., a weekly special) – the frequently changed section can be an inline frame, which can be quickly modified when necessary without editing the entire page • Documents that you prefer to embed in a page instead of placing on a separate page or providing as a download (such as text or a PDF)

  19. Appropriate Use of Frames • Frames are useful only in specific situations • Consider the following issues: • Function • Appeal • Development challenges • Accessibility limitations • Usability with the browser Back button

  20. Frames andSearch Engine Optimization • In general, using frames will lower your page's rank in a search engine • Many search engine spiders do not follow the frame sources from the frameset page

  21. Lesson 9 Summary • Define frames and the purpose of the frameset document • Use the <frameset> and <frame> tags • Create a frameset document • Identify the purpose of the <noframes> tag • Target links from one frame to another • Specify default targets using the <base> tag • Create borderless frames, and control margins and scrolling in frames • Identify the purpose of inline frames • Discuss the appropriate use of frames • Consider search engine optimization (SEO) issues when using frames

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