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The lymphatic and immune system

The lymphatic and immune system. Fluid, vessels, cells and tissues. Functions of the lymphatic/immune system. Maintaining balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid levels Transport of lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins (A,D, E, K) Immune function Antigen trapping

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The lymphatic and immune system

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  1. The lymphatic and immune system Fluid, vessels, cells and tissues

  2. Functions of the lymphatic/immune system • Maintaining balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid levels • Transport of lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins (A,D, E, K) • Immune function • Antigen trapping • B and T lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells

  3. Overview of the lymphatic system

  4. Lymphatic vessels system parallels circulatory system • Capillaries drain into lymphatic vessels • Valves keep fluids moving • Circulates through lymph nodes • Lymphatic vessels are not present in avascular tissue, CNS, red bone marrow, parts of spleen

  5. Structure of lymphatic capillaries

  6. Lymphatic ducts connect lymphatic and circulatory systems

  7. continued

  8. Lymphatic ducts return lymph to blood • Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct • Receives blood from left side of upper body, and entire lower body • Drains into venous blood at junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins • Right lymphatic duct • Drains right side of head, neck, thorax, upper limb, heart, liver

  9. Edema: excess retention of interstitial fluid • High blood pressure • Heart disease • Liver disease

  10. Organs and tissues of the lymphatic system • Thymus • Lymph nodes • Spleen

  11. The thymus: T (“thymus”) cells mature there

  12. Primary lymphoid tissues

  13. Thymic education • T cells migrate from bone marrow to thymus • Most are eliminated there • Surviving cells regulate immune response (helper T cells) or help control infection (cytotoxic T cells) • Thymus decreases in size throughout life

  14. Immune response protects against a diversity of infectious agents

  15. Secondary lymphoid tissues and organs • Tonsils (palatine, pharyngeal, lingual) • Lymph nodes • Spleen

  16. Lymph nodes: about 600 throughout body • Tends to occur in groups (esp. mammary glands, axillae and groin) • Encapsulated • Trabeculae form compartments • Exchange between blood and lymph

  17. Features of lymph nodes

  18. Drainage of different regions of the body by lymph nodes

  19. Cervical • Axillary (mammary) • Popliteal • Inguinal • Thoracic • Abdominal • Intestinal • Mesenterial

  20. Lymph nodes filter lymph; spleen filters blood

  21. Spleen, continued • White pulp (arteries) • T and B cells, macrophages • Red pulp(veins) • Removal of damaged cells • Storage of platelets • Formation of blood cells in fetus

  22. Important aspects of immune function • Protection from infection (immediate and long-term) • “Immune surveillance” • Distinguishes “self” from “non-self” • Disorders include hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease, immune deficiency

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