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THE NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE WATERS

THE NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE WATERS. PHYTOPLANKTON ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION. O 53% C 27% K 6.2% H 5.5% N 4.6% Ca 1.0% S 0.7% Na 0.7% P 0.5%. Fe 0.4% Mg 0.4% Zn 0.3% Cu 0.02% B 0.01% Mn 0.009% Co 0.0006% V 0.0006% Mo 0.0001% Si 0.1%; DIATOMS 20%. N 2.

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THE NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE WATERS

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  1. THE NITROGEN CYCLE IN SURFACE WATERS

  2. PHYTOPLANKTON ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION • O 53% • C 27% • K 6.2% • H 5.5% • N 4.6% • Ca 1.0% • S 0.7% • Na 0.7% • P 0.5% • Fe 0.4% • Mg 0.4% • Zn 0.3% • Cu 0.02% • B 0.01% • Mn 0.009% • Co 0.0006% • V 0.0006% • Mo 0.0001% • Si 0.1%; DIATOMS 20%

  3. N2

  4. FIGURE 12-1; N2 IN GREEN LAKE AND BELOIE LAKE

  5. N-FIXATION

  6. CYANOBACTERIA AND N-FIXATION

  7. OTHER MICROBIAL NITROGEN FIXERS • Azotobacter

  8. MEROMICTIC LAKES AND N-FIXATION

  9. SYMBIOSIS • N-FIXATION OFTEN THROUGH SYMBIOSIS WITH VASCULAR PLANTS e.g. • Alders (wetland plants) • Legumes • Azolla (aquatic fern)

  10. AMMONIUM AND NITRATE

  11. AMMONIUM • BY-PRODUCT OF DEAMINATION • NH4+ and NH4OH (see p233)

  12. NITROGEN CYCLE

  13. NITRIFICATION • NH4+ NO2-Nitrosomonas • Requires O2; wide range of temperature and pH • NO2- NO3- Nitrobacter • Requires O2; warm temperatures and low pH

  14. DENITRIFICATION • C6H12O6 + 12NO3- 12NO2- + 6CO2 +6H2O • C6H12O6 + 8NO2- 4N2 + 2CO2 + 4CO3-- +6H2O

  15. REDUCTION IN AN ANOXIC ENVIRONMENT

  16. NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION

  17. ORGANIC NITROGEN • DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN (DON) • PARTICULATE ORGANIC NITROGEN (PON) • DON:PON INCREASES WITH EUTROPHICATION

  18. NITRATE AND PON

  19. INORGANIC NITROGEN IN WINTERGREEN LAKE

  20. NITROGEN CYCLE

  21. NITROGEN IN STREAMS

  22. NUTRIENT SPIRALLING

  23. NITROGEN LOADING

  24. NITRATE IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY

  25. Dead Zone summer 2011, USEPA

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