Portugal

1. Portugal By Yasmin Castillo Edward Lopez Eduardo Lopez

2. Chapter 1 Rates • Location: Europe, 38.7000 N, 9.1833 W • Ages 0 to 14 Years: 1.6 million (male 830,611) - (female 789,194) • Ages 25 to 64 Years: 5.9 million (male 2,917,633) - (female 3,013,120) • Ages 65 Years and Over:1.9 million (male 787,967) - (female 1,099,715) • Language: Portuguese Portugal Population • Birth Rates: 9.76 births • Death Rates: 10.86 deaths • Infant Mortality Rate: 4.6 deaths • Fertility Rate: 1.32

3. Chapter 1 Continued • Portugal has river, some lakes and beaches. • Countries near Portugal include Spain, Gibraltar, Morocco and Andorra. Its biggest cities and towns are Lisbon, Porto, Amadora and Braga. • Ethnic groups: Homogeneous Mediterranean stock with small minority groups from Africa (Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique), South America (Brazil), and Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Romania).

4. Chapter 1 Continued • The Portuguese economy experienced boosts when Portugal joined the European Union in 1986 and the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999. In recent years, it suffered from negative growth, a budget crisis, and low productivity. • GDP (2010 est.): €160.3 billion (approx. $208 billion). • Annual growth rate (2010 est.): 0.91% • Average Inflation rate (2010 est.): 1.2%

5. Chapter 2 • Portugal, a European and an Atlantic nation, goes back to the Early Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries it climbed to the status of a world power during Europe's "Age of Discovery" as it built up a gigantic empire including possessions of land in South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia. • In the next two centuries, Portugal slowly lost much of its wealth and status as the Dutch, English and French took an increasing share of the money and slave trades by surrounding and conquering the widely scattered Portuguese trading posts and territories, leaving it with fewer resources to defend its overseas interests of trade.

6. Chapter 2 Continued • Portugal was then in a dynastic union with Spain. • The country was weakened by the destruction of much of its capital city in a 1755 earthquake. • Occupation during the Napoleonic Wars and the loss of its largest colony Brazil, in 1822. From the middle of the 19th century to the late 1950s, nearly two-million Portuguese left Europe to live in Brazil and the United States

7. Chapter 2 Continued • In 1910 there was a revolution that removed the monarchy. However, the republic was unable to solve the country's problems. • Among corruption, repression of the church, and the near bankruptcy of the state, a military coup in 1926 installed a dictatorship that remained until another coup in 1974. • The new government instituted sweeping democratic reforms and granted independence to all of Portugal's African colonies in 1975.

8. Chapter 3 • Portugal has increasingly become more capitalistic. • Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community. • Over the past two decades, successful governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and progressed areas of the economy.

9. Chapter 3 Continued Imports • Portugal’s main industries are Agriculture, Automobile Assembly, Chemicals, Fishing, Food Processing, Electronic, Footwear, Machinery, Metal Working, Mining, Textiles, Tourism, Wine, Wood Products • Its main trading partners are the EU, the USA and Japan. • Produced products Cereals, Citrus Fruits and Vegetables, Cork, Copper, Fish, Grapes, Iron Ore, Olives, Rice, Salt, Timber, Tin, Tungsten.

10. Chapter 3 Continued • Main exports are chemicals, Cork, Leather Goods, Machinery, Petroleum Products, Sardines, Textiles, and wine. • Life for the people isn’t terrible Portugal has more people under the poverty line then the US but its still not as bad as many other countries today.

11. Chapter 4 • Portugal was imperialistic • Held many colonies • These colonies were: • Brazil • Angola • Mozambique • Cape Verde • East Timor • India's Goa, Daman & Diu

12. Chapter 4 Continued • Portugal was Spain's junior partner in the Iberian Union. Although the Spanish and Portuguese empires were administered separately • The largest and most profitable colony was Brazil but was lost after several independence movements in other American colonies

13. Chapter 4 Continued • The Scramble for Africa from the late nineteenth century gave Portugal a handful of African colonies. • After World War II, Portugal's right-wing dictator, António Salazar, desperately tried to keep the Portuguese Empire intact as other European countries were withdrawing from their colonies • A unpopular war lasted until the military coup of April 1974. The new government immediately recognized the independence of all colonies except Macau, which was returned to China in 1999

14. Chapter 5 • Before WWI Portugal was Neutral. In a state of political turbulence as Republican (democratic) government tries to establish rule • During WWI Portugal War declared by Germany and Austria when Portugal cooperates with UK. Fought Germans in Africa, gaining territory from them.

15. Chapter 5 continued • After World War 1, Civil War rises as monarchists fight against republicans, descending the nation into chaos before dictatorship takes hold in 1926. • After dictators Portugal becomes increasingly more democratic.

16. Chapter 5 continued • Portugal Casualties: • Total Deaths: 89,222 (Rank = 14 / 16) • Total Deaths % of pop.: 1.5% (Rank = 11 / 16) • Troops: 65,166 (Rank = 15 / 16) • Troops % of pop.: 1.1% (Rank = 16 / 16) • Military Deaths: 7,222 (Rank = 14 / 16) • Military Deaths % of Troops: 11.1% (Rank = 12 / 16) • Civilian Deaths: 82,000 (Rank = 12 / 16) Civilian Deaths % of pop.: 1.4% (Rank = 7 / 16)

17. Chapter 6 • Portugal was Neutral, but provided Allies war bases in 1943. • WWII Affiliation: Neutral, but provided Allies war bases in 1943

18. Chapter 6 continued • In 1939 Portugal signed the Iberian Neutrality Pact is put forward by Salazar to Francisco Franco. • In 1942, Salazar meets with Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. • In 1942 the Portuguese Communist Party's Secretary General Bento Gonçalves dies in the concentration camp of Tarrafal.

19. Chapter 6 continued • In 1945 the Political Police PVDE is reorganized and renamed PIDE (Polícia International de Defesa do Estado; International Police for the Defense of the State). • In 1945, the MUD (Movimento de Unidade Democrática - Movement of Democratic Unity) is created with official permission. • In 1948 The MUD is banished.

20. Chapter 7 • Dictator Salazar moves toward greater economic integration with other European powers, which had a positive effect. Economy corporative, (where state would establish acceptable wages, prices, inventory levels) forced to lift such controlling devices in 1968, in order to join the European Community (Predecessor to EU), which had a positive impact. But chaos during 1974 revolution would harm the economy, resulting in economic contraction (companies nationalized again), while other European nations were largely still in a growth pattern.

21. Chapter 7 continued • Democratic Republic. Religion: Vast majority Roman Catholic, although church activity would decline steadily • Portugal fought in an attempt to maintain overseas empire. With democratic government, anti-colonial sentiment prevailed among Portuguese public, resulting in independence being granted to most of its colonies. • Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% but in 1995 Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant

22. Chapter 8 • Portugal has several types of technology most of which we use in the US as well. A few of these are. • Cellphones • Television • Internet • Cars • Electricity • Radio stations

23. Chapter 8 continued • Technology has affected Portugal really well • Technology has helped Portugal become a country that provides services instead of goods • Like most countries with modern technology the people have become reliant on this technology • The people can check there emails contact people around the world via the internet • Most importantly electricity without electricity none of these things would not be possible

24. Chapter 8 continued • Technology has also affected the medical field • Portugal has 4.6/1000 infant mortality rate • Technology has led advances in treatment of diseases such as HIV/AIDs

25. Chapter 9 • Portugal are facing several problems today Here are just a few • recession • unemployment • criminality • corruption • education problems

26. Chapter 9 continued • Portugal's main problems are its educational ones • With a high school graduation at a paltry 28% and with only 11% of the population holding a college degree • Portugal is a service economy and with very few educated people they do not have the people to preform these jobs

27. Chapter 9 continued • Portugal needs to greatly improve its educational system if it wants to continue to be live the life style of a first world country • Portugal should increase the amount of hours of school the students need to attend • Portugal needs to find a way to motivate there students so that they will graduate from high school and go on to college • If Portugal does not change this the country needs to change the life style of its people