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Plant Evolution. Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s land/terrestrial plants. Early land plants faced many challenges. A. How to conserve water ? B. How to reproduce on land ? C. How to absorb minerals from rocky surfaces ?. Plant Classification Review. Plant Kingdom
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Plant Evolution • Green Algae are the ancestors of today’s land/terrestrial plants. • Early land plants faced many challenges. A. How to conserve water? B. How to reproduce on land? C. How to absorb minerals from rockysurfaces?
Plant Classification Review Plant Kingdom nonvascular vascular seed seedless angiosperms gymnosperms monocots dicots
Plant Classification Review • Nonvascular: mosses, hornworts, liverworts ____________________________________ • Vascular, Seedless: whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, ferns • Vascular, Seed: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Gymnosperms- “naked seeds” Conifers Ginkgo Tree Cycad
Kinds of Gymnosperms • Conifers • Cycads • Ginkgo • Gnetophytes Ex: Ephedra
Create an Angiosperm Foldable Divide your paper in half. Label each section as and MONOCOTS DICOTS
LEAVES Parallel leaf venation Net-like leaf venation Monocot Dicot
Monocot Dicot ROOT SYSTEMS Fibrous Root System Taproot System
FLOWER PARTS Multiples of 3Multiples of 4 or 5 Monocot Dicot
Monocot Dicot Pollen Grains Monosulcate Mostly tricolpate
Monocot Dicot Stem Structure (vascular bundles) Primary vascular bundles scattered Primary vascular bundles in a ring
Recap There are two types of Vascular Plants that produce Seeds: Angiosperms & Gymnosperms Angiosperm seeds develop within a flower. Angiosperms can be divided into two groups called Monocots and Dicots Gymnosperm seeds develop without a sealed container; called “naked seeds.”
From a Seed to a Seedling • The development of a seed into a seedling is called GERMINATION. • What enables a seed to germinate? * Seed coat damage * Exposure to temperature changes * Penetration of H2O & O2 through the seed coat
Importance of Cotyledons • “Cots”- provide food for the embryo. • Once the food is used up, the cotyledons shrivel up and fall off.
Can you label a Monocot Seed? A. Seed coat B. Endosperm C. Cotyledon D. Embryo
Can you label a Dicot Seed? A. Seed coat B. Endosperm C. Cotyledon D. Embryo
Fruit and Seed Dispersal • Three common ways fruit and seeds are dispersed: • Wind • Animals (bees, butterflies, birds, bats) • Water
Fruit Classification • A fruit is a mature ovary. • Fruits can be classified using these two characteristics: • How many flowers or pistils form the fruit? • Is the fruit dry or fleshy?
Use the Chart on Page 619 • What type of fruit is a Watermelon? • What type of fruit is a Pineapple? • What type of fruit is a Green Pea? • What type of fruit is an Apple? • What type of fruit is Corn or Wheat?
Flowers and Seeds of Monocots & Dicots Flowers of Monocots & Dicots Objectives: Today in lab, students will be able to: Identify the parts of a flower. 2. Identify monocots and dicots based on type of flower and/or type of seed. 3. Properly label a flower diagram and seed diagram.
1 2
1 2 1 & 2
Lily A B D C
B C A
Style Stigma Ovary
A C B
Anther Stamen Filament
A B F E C D
P S S P P S P = Petal; S= Sepal
A B
Sepals Bud
bract stamens pistil petals sepals
Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud • Petals- attract insects and animalsto aid in pollination
Stamen A C B What’s that?
Sepals- protects the flower while it is a bud • Petals- attract insects and animalsto aid in pollination • Stamens- male part of the flower which includes the anther and filament; it produces pollen.