Chapter 6:vfr

1. Chapter 6:vfr Recite a prayer…(15 seconds)

2. ATM TOPIC • INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN • AERODROME CONTROL • AREA CONTROL • APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------ 5. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES –IFR 6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR 7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION • THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE -------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------

3. Course Outcomes ATM By the end of this subject, student should be able to: • Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air traffic services provided and the flight plan. • Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome control • Know the function and responsibility of area control • Know the function and responsibility of approach control • Know the objective and function of instrument flight rules • Know the objective and function of visual flight rules • Know Importance of radio telephony communication • Understanding and able to describe the letdown procedure

4. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

5. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE ~~WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES?~~ Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of regulations which allow a pilot to operate an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Or in other word….. VFR flying means that Pilot can fly mainly by looking outside of the aircraft:

6. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE • Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minimums, as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. • If the weather is worse than VFR minimums, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules(IFR). • Pilot will look out of the window to follow a rail road, an motorway, a river or whatever visual recognizable signs he could find out there.

8. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

9. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE ~~VFR REQUIREMENT~~ • VFR require a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. • VFR required to have a transponder to help identify the aircraft on radar. Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety. • Meteorological conditions that meet the minimum requirements for VFR flight are termed visual meteorological conditions (VMC). • If they are not met, the conditions are considered instrument meteorological condition (IMC), and a flight may only operate under IFR. • VFR flight is not allowed in airspace known as class A, regardless of the meteorological conditions.

10. A transponder : ~~ is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. In aviation, aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on radar and on other aircraft's collision avoidance systems.~~

11. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

12. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE ~~ WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT~~ • VFR are often used for sight-seeing flights, aerial photography, or lift services for parachute jumping. (also military combat aircraft) • The flight is operated under the Visual Meteorological Conditions. • Pilots flying under VFR are not permitted to fly through clouds. Many non-commercial, private recreational aircraft also operate under VFR whenever the sky is clear. • Under VFR, the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation, obstacle clearanceand maintaining separation from other aircraft using the see-and-avoid concept. • Most VFR flights are done in uncontrolled airspace. • Fly in Class C and D • Example of VFR is PILOTAGE and DEAD RECKONING.

13. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE Pilotage is the use of fixed visual references on the ground or sea/river by means of sight to guide oneself to a destination, sometimes with the help of a map or nautical chart. In other words: Pilots used rivers, railroad tracks and other visual references to guide them from place to place. ** Pilotage is frequently combined with navigation techniques such as dead reckoning.

14. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE DEAD RECKONING • When a pilot at a known location cannot see the next visual reference on the route to a destination, he or she can use dead reckoning to get closer to the next reference point. In other words: Is the process of calculating one's current position(exact or estimated) by using a previously determined position in chart. *Using Manual or electronic flight computers are used to calculate time-speed-distance measurements, fuel consumption, density altitude and many other en route data necessary for navigation.

16. OR IN OTHER WORDS: Pilots flying under the visual flight rules follows a set of regulations which allow a pilot to operate the aircraft if: • Certain weather condition to allow him to see his vision ahead of the aircraft • Able to see outside the cockpits and see the ground reference. • Able to avoid obstacle and other aircraft in the vicinity and avoid collisions.

18. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

19. CHAPTER 6:VISUAL FLIGHT RULE ~~WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VFR?~~ 1.TO AVOID COLLISIONS, the VFR pilot is expected to "see and avoid" obstacles and other aircraft. Pilots flying under VFR assume responsibility for their separation from all other aircraft and are generally not assigned routes or altitudes by air traffic control.~~ 2.SAVE JOURNEY -from take-off until land. *The responsibility for maintaining separation with other aircraft and proper navigation still remains with the pilot~~

21. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

22. Special visual flight rules(SVFR) ~~a clearance procedure that allows departure or arrival into controlled airspacewithout an IFR clearance when the visibility is at least one mile and the pilot can remain clear of clouds~~ Or in other words…. ~~Special VFR can be use by pilot under permission of ATC while fly it’s a/c at IFR airspace classification if the weather is good.~~

23. Special visual flight rules(SVFR) • Flight under SVFR is only allowed in control zones, and always requires clearance from air traffic control (ATC).It usually happens under two circumstances: 1. In class A airspace: VFR not permit. Pilot may request to fly under IFR or special VFR clearanceand fly visually to enter the control zone. They need to be equipped with a transponder. 2. In other controlled airspace. Pilots may again as an alternative to IFR request OR SVFR clearance to enter the airspace and fly visually when the local weather is less than the minimums required for flight under visual flight rules

24. Special visual flight rules(SVFR) In other words: When the pilot can use SVFR? • SVFR operations can only be conducted in the controlled airspace around an airport(control zone) • At Class A When the pilot cannot use the SVFR? • Pilots are not permitted to request SVFR on solo flights, • SVFR is not allowed in most Class B airspace.(Congest) • SVFR is not permitted at night unless the pilot is instrument-rated and the aircraft properly equipped for instrument flight

25. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • Q-BANK

26. Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) ~~Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima.~~

27. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

28. Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) ~~Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is an aviation flight category that describes weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to instruments, and therefore under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), rather than by outside visual references under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). ~~

29. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

30. FLIGHT IN VFR CONDITION • At and above 10.000 ft or FL 100) • In ALL airspace classes: • 8 km Flight Visibility • Distance from clouds: • 1500 m horizontally • AND • 1000 ft vertically

31. FLIGHT IN VFR CONDITION • Below 10.000 ft or FL100 ) and above 3000 ft • Above 1000 ft above terrain if this is higher than 3000 ft • In ALL airspace classes: • 5 km Flight Visibility • Distance from clouds: • 1500 m horizontally • AND • 1000 ft vertically

32. FLIGHT IN VFR CONDITION • At and below 3000 ft • At or below 1000 ft above terrain if this is higher than 3000 ft • In airspace classes B - C - D - E: • 5 km Flight Visibility • Distance from clouds: • 1500 m horizontally • AND • 1000 ft vertically

35. How do you manage your visibility?VFR!

36. Conducting Your flight by IFR

37. The ifr & vfr levels…

38. Reference for you….

42. SUB-TOPIC • WHAT IS THE VISUAL FLIGHT RULES • VFR REQUIREMENT • WHEN TO USE VFR FLIGHT • FUNCTION OF VFR REQUIREMENT • SPECIAL VFR • VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • INSTRUMENTAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION • FLIGHT UNDER VFR CONDITION • Q-BANK

43. Q-BANK • WHAT IS THE VFR? • WHAT THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN IFR AND VFR? • PLEASE EXPLAIN 2 VFR REQUIREMENT THAT YOU KNOW. • WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VFR. • PLEASE EXPLAIN WHAT IS THE IMC AND VMC. • PLEASE EXPLAIN WHAT IS THE SPECIAL VFR?