Washington and Adams

1. Washington and Adams Setting the Stage for American Presidents

2. Chapter 6 Reading Quiz • Marbury v. Madison • Whiskey Rebellion • Bank of the US • XYZ Affair • Louisiana Purchase

3. Washington was the first president under the Constitution. He took office on April 16, 1789 by a unanimous vote in the first presidential ballot. Constitution only foundation not blueprint First Elections

4. Washington had no actual desire to become president Did You Know??? • His plan was to settle down in his new Virginia Estate commonly known as Mt. Vernon. • America wanted Washington because as the Revolutionary War hero he was a strong leader with great authority.

5. The New Government Takes Shape “We are in the wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.” James Madison

6. Figuring out Washington • In table partner groups you will be assigned 1 of 4 Primary Source Readings regarding George Washington’s beliefs and policies. • Read each set of documents and as a group answer the questions. You will then be paired with another group who read the same documents and compare your answers. One person from each group will present the groups findings to the class as a whole.

7. Figuring out Washington • Group One Readings: Federal Union • How is the American nation guided by divine providence? • According to Washington, why is the United States unique among nations of the world? • How does government best serve the interests of the people? • What are the feelings of Southerners toward the national government? According to Washington, what factors are responsible for these attitudes? • What concerns does Washington express regarding future adherence to the excise tax on whiskey?

8. Figuring out Washington • Group Two Readings: Political Factions • According to Washington, should differences of opinion be put aside in the interest of unity? • How do political factors obstruct the functions of government? • Why does Washington feel that the nation will be torn asunder by political factions? • According to Washington, what role have gazettes (newspapers) played in promoting discord? • What is the tone of Washington's letter to Jefferson?

9. Figuring out Washington • Group Three Readings: Whiskey Rebellion • Why does Washington believe it is important for the government to act? • According to Washington, what are the consequences of taking no action? • What is Washington referring to when he says "we may bid adieu to all government in this Country, except Mob and Club Govt."? • In Washington's view, once a law is passed by the Congress what is the responsibility of citizens? • According to Washington, to what extent was Citizen Edmund Genet, the French ambassador, responsible for the discontent in western Pennsylvania?

10. Figuring out Washington • Group Four Readings: Permanent Alliances • Why is Washington concerned over the outbreak of war in Europe? • Why does Washington believe there is a need for immediate action? • Why did Washington feel neutrality was the wisest course of action? • According to Washington, was the Proclamation of Neutrality a violation of the Franco-American alliance? • Why would Washington advise the nation to "steer clear of permanent alliances?" In your opinion, was this good advice in the 1790s? Would you consider it a wise policy in today's world? Explain.

11. George Washington created the Judicial system which provided: Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 5 associate justices. Judiciary Act of 1789 – set up the structure of Supreme and Federal Courts Judicial System

12. Washington Creates the Cabinet • Make policies & carry out laws • First Cabinet Consisted of: • Vice President – John Adams • Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of War: Henry Knox • Chief Lawyer of Federal Government: Edmond Randolph

13. His job – set the nation’s economy on a firm footing. His plan had two parts: Plan to manage America’s debts Plan to establish a national banking system. Hamilton’s Economic Plan

14. Millions in debt. 2/3 of American debt was held by the national government and 1/3 by individual states. Hamilton proposed that the federal government pay the debts of the states – this greatly angered the Southern states who had already paid their debts – they felt they would be taxed to pay off other states’ debts. Plan to Manage Debts

15. Funded by federal government and wealthy private investors. The Bank of the U.S. would issue paper money and handle tax receipts and other government funds. Very controversial – opponents feared it would tie government finances to wealthy business interests. It was eventually established Plan for the National Bank

16. The Birth of Political Parties

17. Hamilton vs. Jefferson • Read the Background info and take detailed notes in the chart for your assigned statesman. • Then create a character collage of that person representing their personality, beliefs and stance on political issues. • You must include at least 5 symbols/images, 3 key words or short phrases, 2 quotes that symbolize a key value or belief, and it must be neat, thoughtful, and colorful as to appeal to my aesthetics.

18. Supported a strong central government led by wealthy and educated Key to a strong nation= commerce & industry Established 1st National Bank- Bank of the United States Loose interpretation of Constitution Alexander Hamilton (Federalist)

19. Mistrusted a strong central government and the rich Advocated for strong state governments Society of farm citizens Strict interpretation of the Constitution Supported by the “plain people” Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republicans)

20. Reflected tensions between federal and regional interests. Frontier farmers who produced corn to be made into whiskey violently protested Hamilton’s tax on whiskey. Significance: showed the federal government could enforce the law in the western frontier. Whiskey Rebellion

21. Washington’s View… • He feared the two-party system because they were a danger to national unity.

22. Washington’s Legacy • Washington held office for eight years. • During this time he had no political party. • Set the foundation for all American presidents to follow.