Lucas Pettinati Rafael Monzon Andreas Dinopoulos

1. Lucas Pettinati Rafael Monzon Andreas Dinopoulos architect structural engineer construction manager Berkeley Georgia Tech Strathclyde, UK Luciana Barroso owner

2. Today’s Outline • The Project • Project Requirements • Owner Requirements • Architectural Context • Site Context • Alternatives • Preferred Alternative • A-E-C Solutions • A-E-C Interactions • Lessons Learned

3. The Project • Year 2010 • Lake Tahoe area • Rebuild 3-story educational building • Ridge University Engineering School

4. Project Requirements • Maintain existing footprints • 36’ height limitation • $5,500,000 budget • One year duration

5. Owner Requirements • Showpiece building • “Safe” structure within site context • On budget / on time

6. Architectural Context • South Lake Tahoe • Building style based on University of California Berkeley Art Museum and I.M. Pei’s NCAR Building

7. Architectural Desires • Large curtain wall • Unobstructed seating in auditorium and lecture rooms • Heavy vs. light

8. Site Context • Boundary conditions • Geological features • Local weather conditions • Local working week

9. Alternative 1: Architecture • Pre-existing structural layout • Privacy increases on vertical and inward motion • Use of internal light wells to unite spaces • Large spaces within to be used for interaction

10. Alternative 1: Engineering and Construction • Explored structural systems: • Concrete • Steel • Concrete+Steel • Preferred Structural System: • Concrete+Steel • Construction Cost: $5,800,000

11. Alternative 2: Architecture • Programmatic in nature • Separation of function by level • Individuality • Large spaces within to be used for interaction

12. Alternative 2: Engineering and Construction • Explored structural systems: • Concrete • Steel • Preferred Structural System: • Steel • Construction Cost: $5,400,000

13. Alternative 3: Architecture • Programmatic in nature • Separation of function by level • Individuality • Periphery vs. core • Large spaces within to be used for interaction

14. Alternative 3: Engineering and Construction • Explored structural systems: • Concrete • Steel • Preferred Structural System: • Concrete • Construction Cost: $6,000,000

15. Alternative 4: Architecture • Auditorium as indoor/outdoor space • 8º shift • Cantilevers hold offices • Glass curtain • Slope roof

16. Alternative 4: Engineering and Construction • Explored structural systems: • Concrete • Steel • Concrete+Steel • Preferred Structural System: • Concrete+Steel • Construction Cost: $5,700,000

17. Architectural Elements Glass curtain walls Cantilevered offices Dual purpose auditorium Open space light well at lobby Dynamic spaces that allow for options Structural Elements Challenging cantilever system Sound lateral load resisting system Structure nicely integrated into architecture Preferred Solution: Alternative 4 Owner’s preference Construction Elements • Tight time scheduling • Challenging cost cut-down

18. Architecture Final Iteration

19. Overview • Based on Alternative 4 • Faculty offices along periphery • Student offices in an open environment • Auditorium follows ground

20. 1st Floor: Circulation

21. 1st Floor: Egress

22. 1st Floor: Lecture Rooms

23. 1st Floor: Lecture Rooms • The following QuickTime VR movie is representative of the layout and feeling of the lecture rooms within the structure

24. 1st Floor: Small Classroom

25. 2nd Floor: Circulation

26. 2nd Floor: Egress

27. 2nd Floor: Instructional Facilities

28. 2nd Floor: Seminar Rooms

29. 2nd Floor: Student Offices

30. 3rd Floor: Circulation

31. 3rd Floor: Egress

32. 3rd Floor: Faculty Offices

33. 3rd Floor: Faculty Offices • The following QuickTime VR movie is representative of the layout and feeling of the dean’s office within the structure

34. 3rd Floor: Faculty Lounge

35. 3rd Floor: Secretaries

36. Architecture Performance • Planned space is 8% smaller than the program requirements • Total area: 27,600 square feet • All areas handicap accessible per ADA regulations • At least 2 means of egress on every floor • Centralized plumbing runs • HVAC and Electrical distribution imbedded in walls

37. Architecture Performance • Room affinities maintained from initial program • Some room functions combined into larger yet customizable units • Seminar Rooms • Small Classrooms • Secretaries • Security increases with levels • 1st Floor: Public • 2nd Floor: Semi-private • 3rd Floor: Private • No internal stairwell

38. Engineering Final Iteration

39. Structural System Description • Classroom + Office Building: • Concrete lateral load resisting system • Concrete plate slab • Steel cantilever system • Auditorium: • Steel braced frames • Truss roof system

40. Structural Considerations • Moderate to high seismicity (Zone 3) • Heavy snow loads Live Loads • 40psf (Classrooms) • 50psf (Offices) • 100psf (Storage & Hallways) • Snow Load = 125psf Dead Loads • 100psf (Slab + Beams) • 25psf (Floor + Partitions) • 10psf (Installations)

41. Classroom & OfficeBuilding Third Floor Slab & Roof Slab Second Floor Slab 12x18 Concrete Ring Beam 12” Shear Walls 16x16 Concrete Columns 8” Concrete Plate Slab 4” Composite Slab Steel Cantilever Elements

42. Analysis Parameters • UBC Code • Seismic Reduction Factor, Rw = 12 • Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.3 • Peak Ground Acceleration , Ao = 0.3 • Importance Factor, I = 1.0 • Site Coefficient, S = 1.2 Analysis Results • Building Weight = 4807 K • Design Base Shear = 255 K (in both directions)

43. Vibration Modes Mode 1: T = 0.23 sec Mode 2: T = 0.21 sec

44. DriftsWest Side Frame Max Disp = 1.70” (0.4% of total height) Limit Drift Ratio = 0.03/Rw = 0.0025 Max Drift Ratio Obtained < 0.0008

45. Moment Diagram M, V & Axial ForceDiagramsWest Side Frame M- max = 82.04 K-ft M+ max = 38.47 K-ft Shear Force Diagram Axial Force Diagram V max = 23.95 K A max = 197.5 K

46. Vertical Stresses Wall Stresses Shear Stresses Max Vertical Stress 0.73 Ksi << F’c Max Shear Stress 0.27 Ksi << F’v

47. Column Sizing Iteration PRELIMINARY SIZE 18x18 Column: As req= min = 1.0% = 3.2sqin ITERATION 16x16 Column As required = min = 1.0% = 2.6sqin

48. Beam Sizing Iteration PRELIMINARY SIZE 12x20 Beam: As max req = 0.71sqin (0.35%) ITERATION 12x18 Beam: As max req = 1.02sqin (0.60%)

49. Auditorium Iteration Columns Braced Frames Roof Truss System Secondary Roof Elements

50. Construction Final Iteration