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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. “In the Mood” : The Swing Era, 1935-1945. Chapter 6 (outline). Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 “In the Mood” :The Swing Era, 1935-1945

  2. Chapter 6 (outline) Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller Country Music in the Swing Era: Roy Acuff, Singing Cowboys, and Western Swing Latin Music in the Swing Era ASCAP, the AFM, and the Decline of the Big Bands

  3. Fletcher Henderson(1898-1952) • 1st important arranger • Use of instrumental groups (“sections”) • Call and response • “Riffing” • Limited solos • EX.- Fletcher Henderson - Wrappin' It Up(Textbook LG, p 161-3)

  4. Benny Goodman (1909-1986) • Chicago, Russian immigrant family • To NYC (freelance) • “Let’s Dance” (Nabisco, 1934) • Henderson Arrangements • 1935 National Tour (a bust?) • Palomar Ballroom (LA)! • “The King of Swing” • Carnegie Hall 1938 • Exs. YouTube- Benny Goodman - Wrappin' It Up - YouTube- Benny Goodman - King Porter Stomp - YouTube- Don't Be That Way-by Benny Goodman - YouTube- Sing Sing Sing - Carnegie Hall 1938 - "Taking a Chance on Love" Benny Goodman and Helen Forrest – YouTube(Textbook LG, p. 166-7)

  5. Chick Webb (1905-1939) • Born Baltimore • To NYC 1922 • House band at Savoy • “Battle of the Bands”(“Cutting Contests”) • Defeats Goodman (1937), “ties” Basie (1938) • “THE (real) King of Swing” • Exs.- Chick Webb - STOMPIN' AT THE SAVOY – YouTube- Chick Webb and His Orchestra / Harlem Congo – YouTube- St. Louis Blues - Ella Fitzgerald & Chick Webb at the Savoy Ballroom. - YouTube

  6. Big Bands & the Blues • 12-Bar Blues (3 4-measure phrases) • “riffing” • “head charts” • Emphasis on rhythmic drive (4 strong beats) • Influenced by “Boogie Woogie” piano • Most prominent in Kansas City and Southwest “Territories”

  7. “Boogie Woogie” • Piano Blues – as early as 1870s (?), emerged in 1920s • Rural South and especially the Southwest(Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri) • Barrelhouses, “Juke Joints” (Af-Am, very rowdy, etc.)

  8. “…like the left hand of God…” • Riffing (short, repeated patterns) • Clarence “Pine Top” Smith (1904-1929)“Pine Top’s Boogie Woogie” (1928) [1st published use of term]Ex. pinetop's boogie woogie 1928 - YouTube • Albert Ammons (1907-1949), Chicago“Boogie Woogie Stomp”Ex. Boogie Woogie Stomp - Albert Ammons - YouTube • Meade “Lux” Lewis (1905-1964), Chicago“Honky Tonk Train Blues”Exs. HONKY TONK TRAIN BLUES - Meade Lux Lewis – YouTube- Keith Emerson & Oscar Peterson - Honky Tonky Train Blues - YouTube • Pete Johnson (1904-1967), Kansas City“Roll ‘em Pete” (w/ Big Joe Turner) (1938)Ex. Joe Turner and Pete Johnson - Roll 'Em Pete

  9. “Territory Bands” • Kansas City and the Southwest • 12-bar Blues forms, 4 strong beats, faster tempo • Walter Page and Blue Devils (Oklahoma City-Wichita)“Squabblin’” (1930?)Ex. Squabblin’ • Bennie Moten (Kansas City)“Moten Swing” (1933)Ex. Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra - Moten's Swing (Moten Swing) Victor 23384 1933 - YouTube • Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy(Dallas, then Kansas City)“Take It and Git” (First # 1 on Harlem Hit Parade, 1942)Ex. Andy Kirk And His Twelve Clouds Of Joy-Take It And Git (Decca 4366) - YouTube

  10. William “Count” Basie (1904-84) • Local NJ piano, organ player • Harlem “stride” piano • Touring (stuck in KC) • Bennie Moten’s Band (1929-35) • Forms own band (1935-36) • Heard by John Hammond • Brought to NYC • Battles Chick Webb’s band to “tie” • House Band at Famous Door • The leading “swing band” after 1938 ExsShoe Shine Boy (w/ Lester Young) JONES-SMITH INC. (COUNT BASIE) SHOE SHINE BOY 78RPM - YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 172-3)One O’Clock Jump (“Blue Balls”)One O'Clock Jump - Count Basie – YouTube

  11. Glenn Miller(1904-1944?) • Most successful band (commercial, 1939-44) • Disciplined arrangements • Lost in WW II • Exs.- Glenn Miller & His Orchestra - Moonlight Serenade (GM’s theme song)- Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTube- Glenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube (textbook, p. 173-4)

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