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Revision Industry

Revision Industry. Key words. Primary industry –people working on the land or sea Secondary industry – involve making things e.g. steel Tertiary/Service industries – provide a service e.g. banking, transport, plumbing Quaternary industries – based on communications and depend heavily on IT.

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Revision Industry

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  1. Revision Industry

  2. Key words • Primary industry –people working on the land or sea • Secondary industry – involve making things e.g. steel • Tertiary/Service industries – provide a service e.g. banking, transport, plumbing • Quaternary industries – based on communications and depend heavily on IT. • Raw materials – things you make goods from • Location factors – reason why an industry sets up in an area

  3. More Key Words • Heavy industry – uses bulky raw materials e.g. ship building • Light industry – uses few raw materials e.g. making computers Industrial estate – a planned area for factories, usually light industries • Business park – area for high-tech factories • Enterprise zone – area given special help to create employment • High tech – electronic industries • Sunrise – new light industries • Sunset or smokestack – old closing industries

  4. Final key words • Footloose – not tied to an area, can easily move to a new location • Greenfield site – previously unused land on the edge of a city • Brownfield site – old industrial site cleared for a new factory • Science park – area for companies involved in research and development

  5. Enquiry skills

  6. Different types of industry • You should know • Industry can be classified as Primary, secondary or tertiary. • Secondary/manufacturing can also be described as Light or heavy industry (you should be able to give three examples of each)

  7. Industrial location • Industrial location is dependent on a number of factors • Physical • Raw materials, power, site, transport, climate • Human • Labour requirements, markets, capital, government policies

  8. Examples • Motorola in East Kilbride (light high tech industry) • Close to good transport links for components and finished products (close to the M74, M8 Glasgow and Prestwick airports); Source of skilled workers (large town, universities in west of Scotland); Government incentives for factory building; available land on technology park

  9. Exam style question • Industrial location exam questions are likely to give you a map and you are asked either to choose or explain a location for a given industry • E.g The M62 motorway runs from Mersey side to Humberside. The area around it is known as the M62 corridor, and is often described as England's new economic super region. Give reasons to explain why so many companies are locating there (4 KU)

  10. Because there is easy access to major roads, motorways (1) and major ports this is great for transport (1) They are also in a major urban areas which is useful to sell products (1) or find new workers (1) This is a good example of a question relating to an area you have not studied. All that matters is you know the basic factors affecting industrial location and that you use the information given in the diagram this answer does exactly that. Marks are awarded for referring to transport, noting major roads and ports, and referring to urban areas offering markets and labour force.

  11. Changes in industry • Industry is constantly changing • Many industries have closed down because they were inefficient, too far from modern markets, or there products were no longer in demand • Other industries relocated, because their source of raw materials and/or markets changed • Some industries have been rehabilitated to meet modern demands often by modernising buildings and/or machinery. • There has been dramatic growth of high tech industry specialising in microelectronics or biotechnology. These are sometimes known as sunrise industries.

  12. Primary industry • As raw materials become exhausted or cheaper sources become available, mines close down. Over fishing in certain areas and changes in demand for farm produce also cause changes in the location of primary industry • For an area you have studied in a particular area describe the decline of an industry e.g. coal mining in central Scotland or fishing in North East Scotland

  13. Secondary Industry • As the source of raw materials changes, the demand for products changes, or factories become outdated, and so the location of the manufacturing industries must also change • You should be able to describe why a particular industry is no longer important in a particular area. E.g. ship building on the Clyde steel making in Lanarkshire

  14. Tertiary Industry • The more developed a country is the higher the percentage of people working in the service industry. • You should be able to explain the growth of the service industry over the past twenty years using examples e.g. Tourism in Scotland, telesales, etc. Higher income = more money to spend on pleasure; growth of ITC; more people travelling on holiday (including second holidays; increased competition in the market place

  15. Exam questions • A possible exam question on industrial change might include • Describe ways in which the industrial landscape has changed between 1975 and 1995 (3ES)

  16. Sample answer • Modern housing has been built to replace demolished tenements (1) and a disused factory has been converted into a museum(1). The polluted river has been cleared and made suitable for fishing(1). The disused canal has been put into use for barges(1) The reason this answer is so good is because it doesn’t just state the change but is very specific on what changes have occurred e.g. modern housing/demolished tenements. Polluted river cleared and made suitable for fishing etc

  17. Effects of industrial decline • Changes in industry can bring positive and negative results can you describe some of these. Try splitting them into environmental, social, and economic

  18. Social effects • Social= impacts on families, and individuals. • Reduced income can cause stress and marriages can fail. People may leave to find work else where this can break up communities and may lead to derelict buildings. People can turn to crime to compensate for lack of money

  19. Economic effects • Economic effects = the financial impact on individuals and the community • People have less money to spend on luxuries etc so take fewer holidays but may also have to spend less on local services so shops etc may close. Families may get into debt they have no way of paying off. People move out to find work else where but this means house prices often fall

  20. Environmental This can be positive and negative • There is less pollution from factories and ugly buildings may be knocked down. • Sometimes old works lie empty and become dangerous eyesores. Remember new industries can also close down and have negative impacts on the local community

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