Legislating Slavery

1. Legislating Slavery From Constitution to 1854 Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

2. US Constitution-1789 • 3/5th Compromise-Slaves count as 3/5th of a person for representation in Congress • Slave Trade is legalized for 20 years (Congress cannot regulate it, but they can tax it); must be renewed in 20 years Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

3. 1808- Slave Trade Banned • Jan 1, 1808 law takes effect banning the slave trade in the US- urged by Jefferson • Every state except S. Carolina had already banned it • Slavery still exists Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

4. Missouri Statehood • 1819- Missouri applied for statehood • Formed out of parts of the Louisiana Purchase • Tallmadge Amendment- no more slaves allowed to enter Missouri Territory, and any child born into slavery would be free at 25 yrs. old in Missouri • Passed House, Senate rejects • Why do you think House accepts this bill, and Senate rejects it? (Think which side this bill favors) • Sectional balance!!!!! • House members of the North far outnumber the Southern representatives • BUT, SENATE IS EQUAL, THEREFORE A BALANCE, WHY? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

5. Missouri Compromise-(1820) • Created by Henry Clay • 3 parts: • Missouri enters as slave state • Maine, (which was part of Massachusetts) enters as free state • Future slavery boundary line set at 36’30 for the rest of La. Purchase • Who got the better deal?? North or South? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

6. Nullification Crisis • Started over Tariff of Abominations • South Carolina threatens to secede, belief in nullification of federal laws • Jackson threatens the army • Force Bill Compromise • Federal law supreme, army can enforce laws • Tariff ↓ • Gag rule in Congress on slavery topic Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

7. Mexican War/ Texas Annexation • US acquires a lot of new land in the South • Slavery expands?? • Wilmot Proviso • Attempt to ban slavery in all lands acquired in Mexican Cession • Twice passed by House, Senate rejects it! Shocker!! • Reality of the SW land?? • Most land (New Mexico Territory) wasn’t that useful for slavery, so region isn’t too important for either side Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

8. Latin American Expansion? • Polk offered $100 million for Cuba • Ostend Manifesto-Buchanan floats potential plan • Offer to buy Cuba from Spain for $120 million,,, if they say no, its war!! • William Walker- filibuster (pirate) • Goal was to create a slavocracy in Latin America • Invaded Baja Cal. (Republic of Sonora) • Trial for starting illegal war, not guilty in 8 minutes • Pres. Of Nicaragua-recognized by Pres. Pierce!! • But pissed off Cornelius Vanderbilt over shipping • Honduras, captured by British, firing squad in Honduras • Legend in the South! Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

10. California Problem • California also part of Mexican War land • Why was California a major problem regarding slavery? • Economic importance of gold/ agriculture • Huge population for a territory= huge political power when it becomes a state • State is geographically large and is located in North and South • Slave expansion to the Pacific islands!! • President Zachary Taylor plan to quickly have California become a state and skip the territorial stage, entering as a free state • 2 problems with the plan • Taylor becomes 2nd President to die in office!! His replacement Fillmore is weak president • South enraged and feels North is secretly plotting to end slavery for good!! Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

11. Last Stand of the 3 Giants • Webster (North), Calhoun (South), and Clay (go between) make dramatic speeches to keep Union together • All 3 die soon after but get Congress to compromise on California Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

12. Compromise of 1850 (California Compromise) • North gets: • California a free state • Slave trade, not slavery, is banned in D.C. • Texas gives up land in N. Mexico region for $10 million • South gets: • New Mexico split into 2 New Mexico and Utah territories, and popular sovereignty will decide if slavery will exist in this territory • Tougher Fugitive Slave Act • Who wins? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

13. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

14. Fugitive Slave Act • Federal agents in the North must try and capture runaway slaves • $1,000 fine if they don’t • Bonus paid for each slave captured • owners just have to say that’s my slave • Slave can’t testify in Court • Judge paid double if they side w/ owner Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

15. Exit Slip Hochman • The gov’t made various compromises on slavery • Because • But • So Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

16. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

17. What is the point of the painting? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

18. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

19. Early Abolitionism • 1688- Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery- Society of Friends • 1775- Thomas Paine- 1st to bring about emancipation idea • 1822- American Colonization Society (ACS)- • Bought land in Africa to return slaves • Colony named Liberia/ capital named Monrovia • 13,000 went to Africa Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

20. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

21. William Lloyd Garrison • 1830- “immediate emancipation, gradually achieved!” • Newspaper- The Liberator Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

22. Goal of The Liberator • The Liberator. In the first issue, Garrison stated: • I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; – but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

23. Frederick Douglass • Former slave • speeches • The North Star • “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

24. “I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed; the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!” “Fugitive slaves were rare then, and as a fugitive slave lecturer, I had the advantage of being the first one out.” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

25. Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

26. Sojourner Truth • “Ain’t I a Woman” Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

27. Underground Railroad • Informal network of secret routes to help runaway slaves • Escaped to free states or Canada • “stations”/ “conductors” “safe houses” • Harriet Tubman(300) • Codes/messages/songs/ North Star Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

28. What do you notice about the routes of the Underground Railroad? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?

29. How does this painting show emotion?What is probably very inaccurate about the Underground Railroad in the painting? Aim: How did the gov't deal with the slavery issue?