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Exploring the Origins of Life: Key Questions and Discoveries

Dive into the fascinating origins of life on Earth - from the very first organisms to the building blocks of protein and the role of isotopes. Discover the groundbreaking research on the Cosmic Calendar and the revolutionary Miller-Urey experiment. Unravel the mysteries of early life forms and the evolution of photosynthesis. Explore the impact of endosymbiosis and the Cambrian Explosion in the journey of life on our planet.

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Exploring the Origins of Life: Key Questions and Discoveries

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  1. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life QUESTIONS OF THE DAY!!!! • What do you think were the very first organisms? Why? • What are the main elements that make up organisms? • What are the building blocks of protein? • What are the 4 biological macromolecules and what do they do? • What evidence do you think we have to determine how life started on earth?

  2. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life The Cosmic Calendar… If the history of the universe were condensed into a single calendar year

  3. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life Life as we know it appeared the last month in the last few days of the Cosmic Calendar

  4. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Earth’s Age • 4.2-4.6 billion years old • 1.8 billion years ago life began • Radioactive (radiometric) dating • Uses radioactive isotopes and their breakdown to estimate approximate age (Review Ch. 6) • Isotope: a radioactive atom w/different number of neutrons ( Carbon 12 is normal – 6 neutrons, 6 protons) • (Carbon 14 is radioactive – 8 neutrons, 6 protons)

  5. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • The isotopes release energy (radioactive) at a CONSTANT RATE. This determines the age. • The release of energy is radioactive decay. • The amount of time for ½ of the material to decay is called a HALF LIFE. • EX: A. Start with 100g B. Half life is 50 years • 25 g is left How old is the material?

  6. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Below is a graph representing the half life of Carbon 14 in animal tissue.

  7. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Miller and Urey • Experimented to determine primitive atmospheres and origins of amino acids • Primitive atmosphere of CH4, NH3, H2O, and H2 gases • Gases combined and made amino acids • Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.

  8. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • 1stOrganisms • Anaerobic, prokaryotes, and heterotrophs

  9. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life

  10. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Photosynthesis (sugar & oxygen) evolved (Autotrophs)(Ch.8) • Eukaryotes and aerobic respiration develop in response to photosynthesis (Ch. 8)

  11. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Endosymbiosis – small things living in bigger things as a mutualistic relationship • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts

  12. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Fossil Record, Rock, and Early Life • Fossil record • Fossil: traces of dead organisms that have been preserved in rock. • Law of superposition • Layer of rock (sediment) are deposited on existing layers

  13. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life Cyanobacteria- the first organisms to undergo photosynthesis

  14. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life • Cambrian EXPLOSION! – Oxygen increased so diversity in life increased! (many new species appeared) • More oxygen = more higher forms of animals • The graph to the right shows the increase of oxygen as earth has aged.

  15. Ch. 14 – Origins of Life

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