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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The integumentary system. The integumentary system. Largest organ in the body 10% of body weight Skin and associated structures. Structure of skin. Skin consists of two layers Epidermis Strata Dermis Blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands. epidermis.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 The integumentary system

  2. The integumentary system • Largest organ in the body • 10% of body weight • Skin and associated structures

  3. Structure of skin • Skin consists of two layers • Epidermis • Strata • Dermis • Blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands

  4. epidermis • Surface portion of the skin is made of Stratum corneum • Stratum basale or stratum germinativum forms the base of the epidermis

  5. dermis Contains most of the accessory structures of the skin • Blood vessels • Nerves • Sweat glands • Oil glands • Hair • Dermal papillae- help create fingerprints

  6. Subcutaneous layer Connects the skin to the surface muscles • Loose connective tissue • Adipose (fat) tissue • Blood vessels • Nerves and nerve endings • Site of injections

  7. Accessory structures • Some structures of the integumentary system protect the skin and have some more generalized functions as well

  8. Sebaceous (oil) glands Produce a variety of secretions • Sebum (oil) • Vernixcaseosa (oily layer on developing fetus) • Eye lubrication

  9. Sudoriferous glands (sweat) Located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue • Eccrine type sweat glands (on most skin) • Apocrine sweat glands (in pubic and armpit areas) • Ceruminousglands (ear wax) • Ciliary glands • Mammary glands

  10. hair Composed mainly of keratin and is not living • Hair follicles • Melanocytes • Arrectorpili (help make goosebumps)

  11. nails Made of keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of the epidermis • Nail root • Nail plate • Nail bed • Lunula • Cuticle

  12. Functions of skin Four major functions • Protection against infection • Protection against dehydration (drying) • Regulation of body temperature • Collection of sensory information

  13. Protection against infection Intact skin forms a primary barrier against invasion • Interlocking pattern resists penetration • Shedding removes pathogens • Protects against bacterial toxins • Protects against some harmful environmental chemicals

  14. Protection from dehydration Skin prevents water loss by evaporation • Keratin in the epidermis • Hardens the skin cells closer to the surface • Sebum release from the sebaceous glands • Forms oily layer to keep moisture in

  15. Regulation of body temp Loss of excess heat and protection from cold are important functions of the skin • Constriction of blood vessels- when its cold (cold feet/hands) • Dilation of blood vessels (swell when hot) • Evaporation of perspiration (evaporative cooling)

  16. Collection of sensory information Skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors • Free nerve endings • Touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle) • Deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscle)

  17. Other functions of skin • Absorption of substances such as medications • Excretion • Water • Electrolytes • Wastes • Manufacture of vitamin D

  18. Skin color Factors that influence skin color • Amount of pigment in the epidermis • Melanin • Carotene • Blood in surface blood vessels • Composition of blood • Oxygen • Hemoglobin • Other chemicals

  19. aging Changes in • Skin • Tissues • Pigment • Hair • Sweat glands • Circulation • Fingernails and toenails

  20. Care of skin • Proper nutrition • Adequate circulation • Regular cleansing • Removes dirt and dead skin • Sustains slightly acid environment to inhibit bacteria • Protection from sunlight • Exposure to UV light causes genetic mutations in skin that can lead to cancer, and causes premature aging.

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