Eco-design

1. Eco-design I Introduction

2. Kristjan Piirimäe Researcher, PhD Student of TTU Partner, Hendrikson & Ko 05116916 kristjan.piirimae@ttu.ee

3. What is eco-design? • Assessment tools for the environmental dimension of sustainable development, as an aid to business decision making

4. The area of eco-design Natural sciences Eco-design Social and macro-economic issues Micro-economics and technology

5. Interdisciplinary framework of eco-design • Natural sciences: ecology, thermodynamics, physical laws, relationships that shape ecosystems or support human health • Microeconomics and technology: economic relationships, structures and products that shape business systems • Social issues and macroeconomics: the social structures and issues that shape society, reflecting peoples’ values

6. Mechanisms that can contribute to sustainable production, consumption and waste management • Environmental management: housekeeping, location choices etc • Technologies • Product choice for consumption function • Life style of consumption pattern: travelling less etc.

7. Environmental policy related to production and consumption: • Promotion of end-of-the-pipe technologies • Zoning regulations • Policy programmes, first of all directed at industry  integrated measures

8. Integrated measures • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): product take-back, upstream impact, waste management – OECD • Integrated Product Policy (IPP): life cycle perspective, focusing on product – EC • Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC): operating permits, best available techniques – The European IPPC Bureau • UNEP Industry and Environment (UNEP IE): cleaner and safer industrial production

9. Pressure State Response Use of resources Action Outputs • Endangering human health • Affecting Eco-capacity • Loss of biodiversity • Resource depletion Materials Waste Economy and society Energy Effluents Waste Emissions Land Reduction of resource extraction Control of pollutants

10. Dualistic approach in chain analysis:

11. Problem shifting

12. System definition • Function-oriented: starting for the system definition is a specific social demand or function. System comprises all processes upstream and downstream fulfilling the function – cradle-to-grave analysis • Region-oriented: system is limited in space and time, such as a year of a company • Agreement-oriented: systems are defined in informal ways, as an agreement of stakeholders

13. Function-oriented system gas Electricity generation CO2, NOx, SO2 steam electricity bulbs Bulb use 1000 hr light use waste

14. Region-oriented system FOREIGN COUNTRIES Mining and extraction Production Usage LEAD 2003

15. Agreement-oriented system Supplier A Electricity generation raw material Company X Company D waste Recycler B Waste treatment waste

16. Decision making methodologies in environmental management (environmental toolbox) • Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) • Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) • Material Flow Accounting (MFA) • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) • Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) • Environmental Input Output Analysis (IOA) • Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA)

17. The role of environmental toolbox in decision-making Demand for environmental information ? ? ? Environmental toolbox CBA LCA ERA SFA Etc. Demand Supply Decisions