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1510

1510. Copyleft – All rights re vers ed Permission is granted to everyone to copy and/or use this work or any part of it. Ideas existed prior to the things themselves . Come on!. Plato 427-347 BC. Aristotle 384-322 BC. Mathematical “fictions”. Number 1. Number 0. Negative numbers.

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1510

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  1. 1510 Copyleft – All rights reversed Permission is granted to everyone to copy and/or use this work or any part of it.

  2. Ideas existed prior to the things themselves Come on! Plato 427-347 BC Aristotle384-322 BC

  3. Mathematical “fictions” Number 1 Number 0 Negative numbers Imaginary numbers Derivatives and Integrals None-Euclidean geometries Infinities

  4. Philosophy vs. Science Ron Aharoni Yuval Steinitz טיל מדעי לוגי לאלוהים ובחזרה: A philosopher’s scornful attitude to science. החתול שאיננו שם: A mathematician’s scornful attitude to philosophy.

  5. Plato Aristotle Socrates Ptolemy Euclid Pythagoras Heraclitus

  6. Leibniz, 1646-1716 Spinoza, 1632-1677 Newton, 1643-1727 Descartes, 1596-1650 Kepler, 1571-1630 Galileo, 1564-1642 Copernicus, 1473-1543

  7. Conclusion: We live in one of the dullest periodsof mankind’s intellectual history .

  8. Philosophy’s three Great Questions Plato (429–347 BC): What came first, ideas or things? Hume (1711–1776): Is causality objective? Kant (1724–1804): Do we know only from experience?

  9. Three Levels of Scientific/Philosophical Discussion Is he/she hot? (ontology) Am I hot? (epistemology) How can we determine that? (methodology)

  10. A philosophical Question Leading to a Precious Scientific Insight David Hume (1711–1776): Is causality objective? Karl Raimund Popper (1902–1994)you never absolutely prove, only falsify.

  11. Falsifiability as the Criterion for a Theory being Scientific A theory may be disproved, hence deemed wrong, but then it is certainly scientific. The more a theory forbids = the greater risk it takes = the more scientific it is. (greater information content) Compare: “Mars is blue” and “Mars is blue, pink, purple, red, green of yellow.” Forget correctness: Which statement has greater information content?

  12. Hypotheses need no Justification!

  13. Popper sees the Light: My Demarcation and Darwin’s Evolution are Equivalent! Both describe increase of knowledge by random mutations/hypotheses, subjected to reality’s test.

  14. Kuhn takes Exception: Paradigms shield themselves against falsification as part of normal science. Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922 –1996): The paradigm determines how you see the facts! The Structure of Scientific Revolutions תרגום עברי: הקפידו לקנות את המהדורה העדכנית 2005.

  15. Dawkins Introduces Biology Again: From the “Selfish Gene” to the “Selfish Meme” Clinton Richard Dawkins (1941): Ideas can proliferate while damaging or even killing their carriers!

  16. Langmuir calls for Research on Scientific Failures Irving Langmuir (1881–1957) : Let’s study the pathology of science.

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