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HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD

HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD. !. 楚国种 天下用. A life cycle of Cotton.

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HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD

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  1. HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD

  2. ! 楚国种 天下用

  3. A life cycle of Cotton • The life cycle of Cotton contains seed germination and sprouting from the first, roots and stems and leaves growth, and branches emerging and elongating , Based on the grawth of vegetative orgems,reproductive orgems formation and deuelopment ,such as flower bud differentiation, budding, flowering, boll enlarging, and boll opening and cotton seeds mature. • According to organs forming sequence and development process,cotton growing periods can be divided as five stages:seed sprouting,seedling, bud, flowering and boll forming and boll opening stages.

  4. Sowing seeds and raising seedlings in nursery pots Transplanted seedlings sprouting stage

  5. seedling stage bud stage

  6. flowering and boll forming stage

  7. Boll opening stage (Mature period)

  8. hybrid cotton seed production hybrid cotton seed production: In simple term，hybrid cotton seed production indicates that before the flowers of female parent bloom, remove their stamens and corolla and then pollinate their stigmas with male parent’s pollens, finally the female parent bolls produce hybrid F1 seeds.

  9. Mother line ♀ Father line ♂ Simple diagram of hybrid cotton seed production

  10. 8 1 4 3 2 7 6 5 9 Early management and operation procedures in hybrid cotton seed production Natural conditions Field selection Preparation of nutrient soil Parents seed selection and treatment Sowing Field preparation Seedbed management and roguing Transplanting Seedling stage management Bud stage management Flowering and boll forming stage management Cotton harvest and cotton ginning 10 11 12 • An important part of blossoming and boll forming stage ——artificial pollination

  11. PH value Organic mater Total N Active P Active K 1.Natural conditions Tilling soil layer Subsoil layer Zinc Boron Sulphur Manganese Molybdenum

  12. 1.Natural conditions • Water requirements: it need rainfall 450-600mm during growing period; • Light requirements: Compensation point :1000-2000lux; Saturation point :70000-80000 lux. • Temperature requirements : 14 ℃-35 ℃, the optimum 25 ℃-30 ℃.

  13. 2、Field selection Fertile soil, flat, no shadow, located leeward; contiguous vast plot, convenient irrigation and drainage, disease-free The requirements of fields：

  14. Compound fertilizer 3. preparationofnutrient soil • Prepare 6.5-7MT nutrient soil for one hectare seedbed, mix with 30kg compound fertilizer, and then water the soil 15 days ahead seed sowing.

  15. 4. Parent seeds selection and treatment • Select plump, vigorous and intact seeds Soak seeds • One day before sowing: soak the seeds with water solution of 150mg/kg DPC and 70% imidacloprid 500mg/kg for 8 hours. One kg water solution can soak 2 kg seeds.

  16. 5. Sowing • Preparation of Nutritionpot; • Filling nutrient soil in nutritionpots and watering advance; • Dibble seeding; • Earthing the seeds with nutrient soil; covering the seedbed with polythene membrane Include：

  17. 5. Sowing 5.1 Nutritionpots Prepare 33000 plastic cups per hectarethat each cup has a small hole at the bottom (plastic cupfornursery) (Making nutrition bowlsfor nursery)

  18. 5. Sowing 5.2. Filling soil and watering water the soil one day before sowing filled with soil

  19. 5. Sowing 5.3. Dibble seeding Keep water holding capacity of the soil at about 80% Before sowing a. Make a hole in the central of bowl (if the bowl is a plastic cup) b. Put a seed (bigger side upwards) in the hole Sowing male parent seeds 3-5 days earlier than female parent

  20. 5. Sowing 5.4 Earthing the seeds and covering embrane After sowing, cover the seeds with a layer of 1.5cm depth fine soil, press the soil slightly, then cover with plastic membrane to keep proper moisture. If the temperature is too high, sunshading nets is needed.

  21. ditches Space 190cm 6. Field preparation 6.1 Furrow and ridge a. Deeply plough the land and harrow the soil; b. Dig ditches every 190cm and make ridges for cotton seedling transplanting; c. make 2 trenches on each ridge for fertilizer applying.

  22. 6. Field Preparation Apply basal fertilizerbefore transplanting: organic fertilizer 40-60 cubic meters, or cake fertilizer 750kg, urea 300kg, 12% Phosphate 900kg, 60% potash 225kg, zinc 15kg, manganese fertilizer 15kg, Granubor (boron) 4.5kg. (per hectare ) 6.2 Field fertilization trench

  23. 6. Field Preparation 6.3 Chemical weeding a.We can spray 48% Trifluralin 1500-1875g/hm2 on the surface of soilbefore transplanting； use in early time Trifluralin

  24. 7. Seedbedmanagement androguing off-type 7.1 Seedbed management The main work is spraying chemicals to prevent diseases and pests Carbendazol,Furandan,Tachigaren

  25. Off-type plants kanamycin 7. Seedbedmanagement androguing off-type 7.2 Roguing off-type a. Female parents：identify and remove the off-type plants by the appearance of shape (such as hair and color of stem) during seedling and bud stages b.When the seedlings are at 1.5 leaves stage, spraying kanamycin solution 8000mg/kg for roguing off-type (the plants will become yellowish and die after 5 days)

  26. 8. Transplanting Applying compound fertilizer 225kg/ha before transplanting. Start transplanting from 2.5 leaves stage. Timely watering after transplanting

  27. Plant to plant space M Plant to plant space row to row space row to row space 8. Transplanting Row spacing &plant spacing of female plants (F) and male plants (M) Transplant Male plants 3-5 days earlier than female parent with the row and plant spacing 70cm: 45cm, and female plants spacing is 95cm: 45cm. Area ratio of Male and female parents is 1:7-8. Check and fill the vacant place in timeafter transplanting. F

  28. 9. Seedling stagemanagement 9.1 Fertilization and watering • Apply less quantity fertilizer for 1-2 times after the seedlings recovered: spot applying solution of urea apart 10-13cm from the seedlings, per acre land need urea 24 to 30 kg. Repeat once if necessary.

  29. 9. Seedling stagemanagement 9.2 Disease and pest control • Mainly prevent aphids, thrips and other pests in the seeding stage aphids thrips

  30. 10. Bud stage management 10.1 Bud stage Fertilization When bud appears in cotton plant, apply decomposed cake fertilizer 240-300kg, potash 60 kg and compound fertilizer 150 kg. Caution: do not use quick-acting nitrogen such as urea from the budding stage till to early flowering. 10.2 Ridging and molding After fertilization, taking soil to make ridge at the base of seedlings to prevent plant lodging and waterlogging.

  31. 10. Bud stage management 10.3 Pruning in time Remove vegetative shoots, redundant branches and buds at the bottom to create a fruitful frame. If seedlings density is low, remain 1-2 vegetative shoots to cover vacant space. 10.4 Chemical control Apply DPC 30g/hm2to prevent buds shattering and over-flourishing of the seedlings after budding according to the weather and seedling conditions DPC

  32. 10. Bud stage management 10.5 Roguing Cotton is a kind of often cross-pollinated crop, parental mutations usually occurs. During bud stage, off-type features are visible, roguing work should be done in time according to plant type, leaf shape, boll-shape or the number of stem villi, ability of insect and disease resistance etc.

  33. Corn borer Cotton bollworm Aphids 10. Bud stage management 10.6 Pests control Control of aphids, cotton bollworm, blind stinkbug, corn borer and other harmful pests in the bud stage Cotton bugs Aphid

  34. 11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage 11.1 Topdressing in flower-boll stage a.Ploughing near cotton plants and applying fertilizer after the first boll form (boll diameter 2cm ). Apply urea 225kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 600kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 225kg/hm2, Granubor (boron) 1-2 bags b. Apply urea 150kg/hm2 after 15-20 days of previous topdressing according seedling condition; c. Later period topdressing is spraying water solution of urea and KH2PO4, once a week.

  35. 11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage 11.2 Proper chemical regulation ●According to the weather and seedling condition, use regulator 2-3 times from initial flowering to topping stage. 5-7 days after topping, apply 25% DPC 20-25ml/hm2 for capping (final regulation). 11.3 Remove tops ●Remove the tops of plants and tips of downside branches to eliminate the top superiority when fruit branches reach 20-21 per plant or in the mid-October

  36. Ecological pesticide Organophosphorus insecticide bollworm 11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage 11.4 Diseases and pests control Mainly prevent cotton bollworm: biological control and ecological chemical is the main treatment in earlier stages; organophosphorus insecticide and chrysanthemate pesticide are the main chemicals during later stages, spraying such pesticides every 5-7days, joined by manual seizing of aged larvae.

  37. 11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage • An important part of flowering and boll forming stage ——artificial pollination ●What is artificial pollination? ●how to do it?

  38. Artificial pollination • Pollination time • Preparation before Pollination • Ways and means of emasculation and pollination • Pollination notice • Inspection personnel requirements

  39. Artificial pollination 1. Preparation before Pollination • 50-60 employees needed per hectare land. Reserve fingernails 10days ahead • Preparation for pollination work • Before the date of pollination, remove vegetative branches and new redundant branches and shoots of female plants; Check and ensure removing all the existing cotton bolls and flowers in the morning of emasculation. • The due pollination time is tentatively scheduled around in September 1st Pollination bottle forceps sieve Color thread Cloth bag

  40. Artificial pollination 2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination a. Time of emasculation：every 1:00 pm to next 5:00 am b. Object of emasculation：corolla of rapid elongation of the female parent Bloomed female bud is forbidden for emasculation.

  41. Artificial pollination 2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination c. Emasculation：insert forceps or thumbnail into a crown base, remove the corolla and anther around the ovary. No anther left, no injury to the bract, ovary and stigma. All removed anthers taken out of the field

  42. Artificial pollination 4.Pollen collection a. Pollen collection requirements：collect anthers together with the corolla from male plants’ flowers male Sieve the pollen out and collect them into vials for pollination

  43. Artificial pollination 4.Pollen collection Weather forecast Fetch male bud Cold store b. Issues for pollen preservation If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance, and store them in refrigerator at 10-15℃.

  44. Artificial pollination 4. pollination Every sunny day, start pollination after dew dried, about 9:00 am

  45. Artificial pollination 5. Pollination notice During rainy season, one end closed tube should be used to protect the post-emasculated stigma and to prevent subsequent pollination failing from rain soaking。 The next day, remove the bloomed buds and take out of the field before emasculation.

  46. Artificial pollination （NOTE: The pollens would lose activity if the pollens of male parent blooming flowers were soaked by rain, or pollinated pollens on stigma met rainwater within 2 hours. Therefore, we should pay attention to the weather: If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance (the night or next early morning), and store them in refrigerator at 10-15℃. 5. Pollination notice Pollinate after the drew on the stigma dried

  47. Artificial pollination 5. Pollination notice ●Remove all non-emasculated flowers and self-pollinated bolls on the female plants in time, including those resulted by consecutive rainy days ●Cut off new branches after thepollination period

  48. Artificial pollination 5. Pollination notice Suffered by high temperature and dry weather, the pollen number of male flowers will be lessened, spraying water or irrigating in time could reduce temperature and increase the pollens.

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