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Measurements & Math

Measurements & Math. Exact numbers!. Numbers determined by counting or by definition Ex: 6 apples, 1 teacher 1 inch=2.54 cm. In Science…. Numbers are based on MEASUREMENTS made in the lab. Our data is only as good as the measurements we make and the instruments we use. Qualitative Data.

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Measurements & Math

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  1. Measurements & Math

  2. Exact numbers! • Numbers determined by counting or by definition • Ex: 6 apples, 1 teacher • 1 inch=2.54 cm

  3. In Science… • Numbers are based on MEASUREMENTS made in the lab. • Our data is only as good as the measurements we make and the instruments we use.

  4. Qualitative Data • Observation that DOES NOT involve a number/measurement • EX. Presence of odor, color change

  5. Quantitative Data • Observation that DOES involve a number/measurement (has magnitude size or amount) • Ex. Length, mass, volume

  6. Copy in your notes!! • Accuracy: how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value. • Precision: how close the measured values are to each other.

  7. Accuracy vs. Precision

  8. Significant Figures • Shows how PRECISE a measurement is • Indicates the QUALITY of the instrument you use (how sensitive or exact) EX. Graduated cylinder vs. beaker

  9. Sig Fig Rules!

  10. Counting Significant figures 5 sig figs • 5432.1 • 0.00032 • 4004 • 82.0000 2 sig figs 4 sig figs 6 sig figs

  11. Scientific Notation • Used to write really LARGE or really small #’s • Why? To save space & time

  12. Sci. Notation Rules! • Written in the form of m x 10n • m: ≥ 1 AND <10 indicate the number of sig. figs

  13. steps of the scientific notation • Step 1) Determine the sig figs • 106,000,000 = 3 sig figs • Step 2) Determine the value of M using the sig figs • 1.06 (remember this must be between 1 and 10) • Step 3) Add the 10’s multiplier • 1.06 x 10n

  14. Step 4) Determine the value of “n” by counting the number of times you move the decimal in the original number to get the value for “M” • Step 5) Determine the sign of “n” by looking at the direction that you moved the decimal • Move decimal to left = “n” is positive • Move decimal to right = “n” is negative

  15. Now go the other waY!! • Ex. 1) 7,801 • Ex. 2) 0.00030 7.801 x 103 3.0 x 10-4

  16. Ex. 1) 3.1 x 104 • Ex. 2) 4.08 x 10-6 31,000 0.00000408

  17. SI Units of Measurement • One system for all scientists around the world • We must have a standard for comparison length – meter (m) mass – kilogram(kg) time – second (s) volume – liter (L)

  18. SI prefixes • Added to base units to represent large or smaller quantities SI Prefix Unit Abbreviation Exponential Factor kilo K 103 hecto h 102 deka da 101 BASE m,g,s,L 100 deci d 10-1 centi c 10-2 milli m 10-3 King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

  19. Example 10,000 • 10 g = ____________mg? K h da b d c m

  20. Example • 14.6 dL= __________ kL

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