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Accessibility / Handicapped

Accessibility / Handicapped. Kate Dehbashi CS575 - Spring 2010 Dr. K.V. Bapa Rao. Agenda. What does “Computer Accessibility” mean? Types of Impairment Computer Accessibility History First Accessibility Products ADA Accessibility Guidelines Assistive Technology Solutions

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Accessibility / Handicapped

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  1. Accessibility / Handicapped Kate Dehbashi CS575 - Spring 2010 Dr. K.V. Bapa Rao

  2. Agenda • What does “Computer Accessibility” mean? • Types of Impairment • Computer Accessibility History • First Accessibility Products • ADA • Accessibility Guidelines • Assistive Technology Solutions • Stephen Hawking • Web Accessibility

  3. Computer Accessibility • Accessible to all people regardless of disability or severity of impairment • Assistive technology • Combination of hardware and software • Enables the use of a computer by a person with impairment

  4. Types of impairment • Cognitive • Developmental, learning disabilities • Memory, perception, problem-solving, and conceptualizing • Ranges from ADHD to severe retardation • 20% of the U.S. population affected by mental disorders • Visual • Low-vision, complete or partial blindness, color blind • 3.4% of the U.S. population • Hearing • Hard hearing, deafness • Often non-speaking • 8.2% of the U.S. population • Physical • Paralysis • Not able to use conventional input devices

  5. Computer Accessibility History • 1971 • Trace Center was founded • Part of the College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin • Address the communication needs of people who are nonspeaking or have severe disabilities • 1980’s • Personal computers moved in to peoples’ houses • The Trace Center became a leader in making computers accessible to people with all types of disabilities • 1984 “computer design guidelines” was developed by Trace • 1980s & 1990s, the Trace Center worked directly with the computer companies to integrate disability access features into their products

  6. First Accessibility Products • 1980’s • First “Access Pack” • StickyKeys, SlowKeys, ShowSounds • DOS ver. 1, 2, 3 • Optional • Late 80’s • Dragon • Speech recognition • ZoomText • screen magnifier • JAWS • Screen-reading package

  7. ADA (Americans With Disabilities Act) • Law that was enacted by US Congress in 1990 • Prohibits discrimination based on disability • Title IV addresses telecommunication • Requires that all telecommunication companies in the U.S. take steps to ensure functionally equivalent services for consumers with disabilities

  8. Accessibility Guidelines • How to make products accessible? • Direct Accessibility • Simple, low-cost • Beneficial to normal people • Example: “StickyKey" feature • Accessibility via Standard Options or Accessories (from the manufacturer) • Used when direct accessibility is not possible • Not offered for all products • Extra-cost or free on request • Example: raised letter or Braille overlay on keyboard

  9. Accessibility Guidelines (Cont.) • Facilitation of Custom Modifications • For people with combination or severe disability • Custom modifications of the product • Standard product manufacturers should facilitate this asmuch as they can • Leave room for special attachments • Documenting places to patch into software or hardware • Publishing information to safe modification to the product • Honoring warranties after modification • where the modification did not result in the problem • Example: General Motors offers up to $1,000 reimbursement of adaptive equipment costs on eligible vehicles

  10. Accessibility Guidelines (Cont.) • Compatibility with Third Party Assistive Devices • Often difficult or impossible to connect the assistive devices to standard products • Special interfaces or accessories from third party assistive device manufacturers • Cooperation between mass manufacturers and assistive device manufacturers • Example: "SerialKeys" for alternative input devices

  11. Assistive Technology Solutions • Cognitive • very few assistive devices for people • Visual • Screen magnifier • Screen reader • Speech synthesizer • Refreshable Braille Display • Hearing • System sounds substitution with visual notifications • Speech to text • IBM SiSi Project • Physical • Alternate input devices: switch, joystick, trackball • Speech recognition software • Famous example: Stephen Hawking

  12. Assistive Technology solutionsvisual impairment • Screen Readers • speaks everything on the screen including graphics and text • Speech Synthesizers • Speaks the input • Refreshable Braille Displays • The user reads the Braille letters, after a line is read, refreshes the display to read the next line

  13. Video • http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?DocumentID=3652&SectionID=7&SubTopicID=97&TopicID=330

  14. Assistive Technology solutionshearing impairment • IBM SiSi • Say it, Sign it • Speech recognition module • Speech-to-sign language • Animated signing Avatars in the corner of the display

  15. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RarMKnjqzZU

  16. Assistive Technology solutionsphysical impairment • Stephen Hawking • Professor at Cambridge university • International icon for science and intelligence • One of the world’s most recognizable disabled people • Has been suffering from ALS for three decades • Published a lot of papers and books

  17. Stephen Hawkins Utilizing Assistive Technology • 1970’s • Dictating letters to a secretary • Gave seminars through an interpreter • 1985 • Could only communicate using his eyebrow • Equalizer software • Uses menus of word • 1990’s • He receives a copy of “EZ keys” software • Program is based on word prediction • Converts text to speech • Speeds up communication • A laptop and voice synthesizer was installed on his wheelchair • He is able to speak in seminars, write papers and books • “The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent !”

  18. Video • http://singularityhub.com/2010/05/03/how-does-stephen-hawking-talk-video/

  19. Web Accessibility • Enabling access to Web content for all users • W3C Guidelines • Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content • Name links meaningfully • helps blind users using text-to-speech software and/or text-to-Braille hardware • Don't rely on color alone • Make links underlined as well as colorful • Help color-blind people recognize the links • Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes • Ensure that moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating objects or pages may be paused or stopped • For complete list of guidelines use • www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/

  20. Questions?

  21. References • Wikipedia.org • http://trace.wisc.edu/ • http://www.charityadvantage.com • http://www.businessweek.com • www.IBM.com • www.w3c.org

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