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IPs and peace processes

IPs and peace processes. Comparative Learning Conference of IPs in the Philippines 12, 13 November 2009 Sulong CARHRIHL, Conciliation Resources Kristian Herbolzheimer. Overview. Some 300-500 million IPs in the world Some difficulties with definitions

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IPs and peace processes

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  1. IPs and peace processes Comparative Learning Conference of IPs in the Philippines 12, 13 November 2009 Sulong CARHRIHL, Conciliation Resources Kristian Herbolzheimer

  2. Overview • Some 300-500 million IPs in the world • Some difficulties with definitions • Struggle for maintaining culture and territory • All share a history of injustice • Different populations: • Colombia: 1% • Philippines: 10% • Guatemala: 60%

  3. Guatemala • Armed conflict: 1960-1996 • IP awakening: “500 years of resistance” campaign • National coordinating effort • International solidarity among IPs • Increase in self-confidence: non-IP intermediaries not necessary • Significant role in negotiations, peace agreement, & implementation

  4. Instruments for protection • Philippines: IPRA (1997) • International: • Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination (1966) • Declaration of Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1992) • Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)

  5. Armed conflicts • Some 35 ongoing armed conflicts worldwide. • Many conflicts affect IPs, disproportionally: • Forced displacement • Recruitment • Rape • Killing • Destruction of livelihood

  6. IPs responses to armed conflict • Passive resistance: avoidance • Active resistance: confrontation • Violent • Nonviolent

  7. IPs in armed conflict • Some groups fight “in the name of IPs” (Guatemala) • Cases of forced recruitment • Some IPs join armed groups voluntarily (Sudan) • In some cases IPs organize their own armed groups (NE India, Mexico… CPLA, QL) • IPs also fight against IPs (Papua New Guinea)

  8. Cultural dimension • Some groups have a warrior tradition • Others have a peaceful tradition • Traditions change over time

  9. IPs in peace processes • Struggle for their rights (Guatemala) • Struggle for others’ rights: • national (Bolivia) • international (Zapatistas) • Separatism vs. strengthening democracy though IP notions of power, participation and justice

  10. IP women in peace processes • IP women face double discrimination • Increasing role of women • Nepal (National Indigenous Women’s Federation): • Advocate for women’s role in political process • Negotiations with the Maoist rebels • Training of women on conflict resolution and literacy • Naga Mother’s Association: • shaming the Armed Forces • bridge-building among warring IP factions

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