[ Module 5] Requirements for implementation of a CSP

1. [Module 5]Requirements for implementation of a CSP

2. Requirementsforimplementationof a CSP Local bye-laws Moderateddiscussion: Drivers forsuccessfulimplementation Institutionalframework Group work: Compareinstitutionalstructureof different cities Management Group work: Stakeholderanalysis Financing

3. What can be regulatedin a localBye-Law for urban sanitation?

4. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • community and stakeholder participation • reuse of treated waste water • polluter pays General principles • recognition of SLBs / strategy for achievement • rainwater harvesting • scientific disposal of sludges • reuse of compost and generated gas • inclusion of urban poor

5. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • rainwater harvesting • connection duty • standards for toilets and on-site storage Buildingcodes • standards for connection to off-site part • separate grey / black water management • operation and maintenance of septage tanks • connectiontosewer

6. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • standards for centrally supplied areas Standards forwatersupply • standards and norms for urban development • standards for bulk supplied areas

7. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • norms for urban development • provision of land • availability: seats / inhabitant (gender perspective) • location: in whichareas? underwhichdevelopmentschemes (markest, shoppingdistricts etc.)? • technicalandmanagementstandards • connectionto off-site elements • banof open defecationandurination Access totoilets • community participation • financing models • O&M models • budgeting • usercharges (model) • O&M costs

8. Example of Codes for Public Toilet – located at market area

9. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • finances • on-site design • size norms • specifications like material, location, accessibility, etc. • advisory services • budgeting • operational and maintenance costs • user charges, emptying, treatment, and disposal fees • basic services for the poor Septage Management • operation • specification of treatment facility • defining emptying frequency • specifying type of emptying vehicle • emptying routes • manpower (quality and quantity) • quality control • OHS • SOPs • location • technical design:pre-treatment unittreatment unitdrying beds etc. • SOPs • quality control • manpower (quality and quantity)

10. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • finances • general standards for the system • budgeting • operational and maintenance costs • user charges, connection, treatment, and disposal fees • basic services for the poor Sewerand CETP • specification of outreach and capacities • Specification of treatment facility • location • technical design:pre-treatment unittreatment units • sludge handling and disposal/ reuse • efficiency / use of gasSOPs • quality control • manpower (quality and quantity) • O&M

11. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • Framework for Standard Operation Procedures • Contract service providers • Roles of departments and agencies in O&M and monitoring • Promotion of rainwater harvesting, recycling and reuse of treated waste water Management • City Sanitation Task Force • OHS of sanitation workers • Cost coverage • MIS for urban sanitation

12. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • mid / long-term sustainability • include slums and peri-urban areas • contracts with communities ensuring they will not be evicted • ownership of communities • holistic approach • regulate question of land allocation / land-tenure for community toilets Services tothepoor • financing • budgeting • support to communities / households • business plans for managing groups / organizations • user charges • use and distribution of revenues • setting the frame for community involvement and creation of ownership • technical standards • standards for toilets • on-site storage / connection • O&M • SOPs

13. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • improper operation and management of private on-site facilities • littering of drains or of public sanitation facilities Penalties • ignoring connection duty to public sewers • uncontrolled disposal of sludges or septage • foreseen for sanitation workers and contractors not complying with the provisions

14. What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for urban sanitation? • information and document accessible to citizens Information andcomplaints • committees to redress complaints

15. Institutional framework General framework City Sanitation Task Force Organisational requirements Municipaldepartmentsandtheirrole in implementation Examplefrom CSP Cochin

16. Institutional framework Municipality is responsible for urban sanitation from collection to disposal of liquid and solid wastes Goals Protection of environmental qualityand health conditions Money for service quality – ULB is guardian of public money Principles • Accountability for delivery and quality of services • Transparent and well defined responsibilities for all tasks • Authorities act as service providers to the public Mechanisms Decentrali-zation Delegation Professionali-zation Supervision • day-to-day supervision of services • data base • SLBs • capacity building to workers • equipment • human resource development • well educated staff • transfer of functions to external actors • private sector / CBOs etc. • decision making close to executing actors • division of town into zones • clear line structure

17. Municipal departments and their role in implementation (1)

18. Municipal departments and their role in implementation (2) • All fourdepartments: • Project/ contractmanagement • Monitoring • relatedtotheirfieldsofactivity

19. Municipal departments and their role in implementation (3)

20. Municipal departments and their role in implementation (4)

21. Municipal departments and their role in implementation – Scenario from CSP Kochi (3) Scenario istakenfrom CSP Kochi / Main Report p. 82 MOUD = Ministryof Urban Development CPHEEO = Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation CoC = Corporation of Cochin KWA = KeralaWater Authority GoK = GovernmentofKerala

22. Steering body – City Sanitation Task Force • Agenciesdirectlyresponsible • Repres. fromeducationalandculturalsector Who is involved? • Agenciesindirectlyinvolved • Repres. from formal and informal companies • Re-pres. fromcivilsociety / communities • City Sanitation Task Force • Repres. fromUnions • Eminent individualsandpracticioners • NGOs working in relevant sectors • Repres. from private sector • Repres. ofhigherlevelsofGovt.

23. Steering body – City Sanitation Task Force • LaunchingMSWM Campaign Responsible for • Recommend permanent respon-sibilities • Generating awareness • City Sanitation Task Force • Overall guidance to implementing agency • Approval of project documents and reports e.g. Municipal Corporation • ApprovingtheMSWM-Plan • Communi-cationofprogress • Field visits to supervise progress

24. Organisational requirements for implementation • Institutions • clearlydefinedrolesfor all institutions • ensureadequateinvolvementof ULBs • includecommunities / CBOs • createnewdepartments / cellsifadvisable • ensureinstitutionalaccountabilityfor all parts, e.g. onsitesanitation • Interfaces • avoidoverlappingacountability • clearlydefinedcoordinationmechanism / MoU • welldefinedinterfacesbetweentheactors • Land ownership • clarifydiscrepancies in information on landownershiptitlesbetween State Governmentand ULB • clearstrategyto deal withencroachments

25. Management - General orientation / basic idea • The municipal authorities should make concerted efforts • to inculcate among their officers and staff a sense of pride in the work they do, and • to motivate them to do their best to improve the level of services in the city and the image of the municipal administration.

26. Discuss in group: Management key questions • Who or what guides you? • How do you adapt your work to changing conditions? • Do you evaluate the achievements? • Do you communicate achievements and needs to upper and lower levels? Management principles / tools • leadership • framework / rules of conduct • communication / information flow • follow-up • adjustment / intervention / decision • Capacity Development / Human Resource Development • Leadership involves • establishing a clear vision, • sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, • providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and • coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders, • take a decision after discussion and ensure implementation.

27. Management - elements Levels ofmanagement The circularmodelofmanagement Human resources Importantmanagementtasks

28. Levels of management • strategy goals, policy decisions • framework for urban sanitation • overall annual planning • overall monitoring • formation city sanitation task force Mayor, President Commissioners, ChiefOfficers • technical supervision, monitoring operations • guidance operations • quality control operations • supervision of strategy & plan implementation • specific annual planning • responsibility for service contracts • stakeholder management • working counterpart city sanitation task force HealthOfficers, Engineers • implementation and supervision of day-to-day operations / services • guidance and human resource development • monitoring of contractors • complaints redress • maintenance infrastructure and equipment • reporting Sanitaryinspectors, ward officersandsupervisors Istheresomethingtobeadded?

29. Management of urban sanitation • Municipality is responsible for: • Management of waste water and septage from collection to disposal • Sensitization of citizens for recycling, reuse, rainwater harvesting and overall urban sanitation; • Citizens are responsible for • Proper handling od waste water and septage at source • Avoid littering of drains; • Delivery of wastewater and septage Whatis Management ?The Management Cycle : http://www.cmar.csiro.au/research/mse/images/adaptive_cycle.gif

30. Human resources • Staff • Manpower Needs Assessment / sufficientstaffavailable • seniorstaffhasthecapacitytosupervise • externalexpertsavailableforspeifictasks • Human resourcedevelopment • Training Needs Assessment • dedicatedtrainingbudget • continoustrainingas per phasingof CSP • include all staffgroups: technical, managerial / leadership, communication • New requirements • revision / assessmentof DPRs • comprehensiveinspectionandmonitoring • communityparticipation • datacollectionandmanagement

31. Productandservicemanagement • Important management tasks • Fund mobilizationandfinancialmanagement • Implementation management • Stakeholdermanagement • Data management • Staffmanagement

32. Important management tasks – product and service management

33. Important management tasks – implementation management

34. Important management tasks – data management

35. Important management tasks – staff management

36. Important management tasks – stakeholder management

37. Important management tasks – fund mobilization and financial management

38. Finances Typesofcosts Management tasks Management tools Standard costs - toilets Standard costs– disposalsystems Standard costs – sewer Standard costs – wastewatertratement

39. Management tasks in financing • Costrecovery • O&M costrecovery • collectionofcharges • adapttariffstoservicequality • servicesforthepoor • Financingofprojects • makeuseofgovernmentschemes • makeuseof international schemes • plan for PPP orother private financing • financingfromownsources • Financial planning & management • controllingofprojectcosts • double entryaccrualaccountingsystem • trackcostsofserviceprovision

40. Financial requirements – types of costs • Capital costs: Asset renewal, asset expansion, debt services • Operating costs: Staff, electricity, chemicals, services from third party, bad debt, transport and truck capital cost, fuel cost, administrative cost, discharge fee • Contingent costs: Cost of borrowing, exchange rate loss

41. Financial management tools Income generation Increaseefficiency Follow up

42. Examples of standard costs Construction of new facilities – Toilets

43. Examples of standard costs Improving existing disposal system

44. Examples of standard costs – Types of sewage lines

45. Examples of standard costs Waste water treatment

46. What are the drivers for successful implementation of a CSP? Moderated discussion Discuss who are the drivers in terms of • Government (National, State, ULB) • Institutions and departments • Private sector • Society and communities Try to analyze what exactly is the driving power

47. Activity: • Compare institutional set-up in the home towns of the participants • Form working groups (5 min): • Group discusses and analyses institutional set-up for urban sanitation in the home towns of the participants • The group summarizes its discussion in a poster and appoints one or more presenters (10 - 15 min). • Every group presents its findings to the other groups and discusses with them

48. Activity: • Compare institutional set-up in the home towns of the participants Focus of the group discussions discussion: • Which departments of the ULB, which organizations at ward level and which institutions / actors from outside the ULB are involved in urban sanitation? • What are their roles, responsibilities and tasks? • Please assess the performance of the specific institution • Are there any options for easy improvement without much costs? • What would you personally improve?

49. Activity: • Compare institutional set-up in the home towns of the participants Presentation • Compile a tableshowing all organisations / departmentsinvolved per city • indicatetheirlevel (ULB, ward, outside ULB etc.) • liste theirrole, responsibilitiesandtasks • listtheirperformance, optionsforimprovementandyour personal view

50. Activity: Stakeholders in urban sanitation – roles and responsibilities • Urban sanitation is a joint undertaking of numerous authorities, institutions, groups and private sector organizations. • The stakeholder landscape provides a simplified graphical overview of key stakeholders, their function in the system, and their importance. • Construction of a stakeholder landscape for urban sanitation in your city is the task of this group work.