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The Judaism of Jesus

The Judaism of Jesus. Did Jesus observe the Torah of Moses?. Did he intend to replace it or transform it?. agriculture. commerce. property ownership. marriage and financial implications. Law of Moses. civil and criminal matters. Temple and sacrificial cult. Sabbath observance.

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The Judaism of Jesus

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  1. The Judaism of Jesus Did Jesus observe the Torah of Moses? Did he intend to replace it or transform it?

  2. agriculture commerce property ownership marriage and financial implications Law of Moses civil and criminal matters Temple and sacrificial cult Sabbath observance laws of kashrut

  3. Gospel Image of Jesus worship Jesus associated with centres teaching Passover Attended pilgrim festival

  4. Temple Mk 11:15, 14:49; Mt 21:12; 26:25; Lk 19:45 Taught in the Took an active part in synagogue prayer Read from the prophets - neviim  Gave an interpretation 

  5. Generally non-communal Prayer of Jesus solitary prayer on a mountain in a desert place

  6. Jesus on the Law cultic law After sternly warning him he sent him away at once, saying to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone; but go, show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing what Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.” Mk 1:44 Jesus insists on adherence to Torah

  7. The words of Jesus show his attitude to Torah “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one letter, not one stroke of a letter, will pass from the law until all is accomplished.” Matt 5:17-18

  8. Jesus and Ritual Laws Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath? Matt 12:10 Sabbath Saving life always has priority “Regard for life overrules the Sabbath”bYoma 85b Stricter attitude to Sabbath Qumran Animals in labour or trapped in a cistern/pit cannot be helped on Sabbath CD 11:13-14

  9. The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the SabbathMk 2:27 Simeon ben Menasiah The Sabbath is delivered up to you and not you to the Sabbath k,l; awhi vd,qo yKi tB;V'h'Ata, T,r]m'v]W Ex 31:14

  10. Food Laws “Listen and understand: it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but it is what comes out of the mouth that defiles.”Matt 15:11 …make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the living creature that may be eaten and the living creature that may not be eaten.Lev 11:47

  11. Did not deal with finer technical points of law In no way opposed observance of ritual or dietary laws Worked by a set of priorities that placed people before the law INDIVIDUAL Approach to torah BUT NOT ANTI-LAW

  12. Jesus and Moral Laws Ethical teaching Interpretation of the Decalogue Jesus Lives by TORAH Shows respectfor

  13. Jesus champions obedience to the Decalogue Criticises Pharisees for their misplaced priorities Then he said to them, “You have a fine way of rejecting the commandment of God in order to keep your tradition! Mk 7:9

  14. Jesus uses a Pharisaic principle Build a fence around the Law anger murder This principle protects Torah

  15. Jesus on Divorce God intends the married couple to be one PRINCIPLE

  16. does not oppose the Mosaic concession of divorce, granted by God in view of human weakness Jesus did not interpret Jesus’ rejection of divorce to be absolute PAUL But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so; in such a case the brother or sister is not bound. It is to peace that God has called you. 1 Cor 7:15

  17. Jesus on Oaths Saw oaths as superfluous No special solemnities are necessary for truthful people His attitude Be straightforward ‘yes’ for yes and ‘no’ for no Let your word be ‘Yes, Yes’ or ‘No, No’; anything more than this comes from the evil one. Matt 5:37

  18. Jesus on Retaliation value of an eye for an eye, value of a tooth for a tooth Lex talionis interpreted as “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, Do not resist an evildoer. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also…” Matt 5:38-39

  19. Love of Enemies “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous.”Matt 5:43-45

  20. Josephus Jewish Historian c.38-c.100 Antiquities of the Jews Jewish War encourages generosity and consideration even to avowed enemies

  21. Summary of the Law What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow Rabbi Hillel Be as friendly to your neighbour as to yourself, and (in his regard) be attentive to all that you hateSir 31:15c.180 b.c.e.

  22. Distinctive Jesus’ formulation in the positive “In everything do to others as you would have them do to you; for this is the law and the prophets.Matt 7:12

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