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Understanding Atomic Number and Isotopes in Chemistry

Learn about the atomic number and mass, the concept of ions, and how isotopes vary in atoms. Explore examples of different isotopes like Hydrogen and Lithium in this informative guide to atomic structures.

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Understanding Atomic Number and Isotopes in Chemistry

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  1. Atomic Number • The number of protons in an atom • Also, the number of electrons in a neutral atom

  2. atomic number atomic number atomic number 1 6 79

  3. Atomic Mass • The number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus • Since the mass of an electron is soooo much smaller than the mass of protons or neutrons, we do not include it in the atomic mass

  4. Showing atomic number and mass 7 Li 3 3 protons 3 electrons 7-3 = 4 neutrons

  5. How many protons, neutrons, & electrons?

  6. Ion • An atom that has gained an electron is called an anion. It has a net negative charge. • An atom that has lost an electron is called a cation. It has a net positive charge.

  7. Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses (but same atomic number) WHY do they have different atomic masses?

  8. Isotope • If two atoms are of same element, they MUST have the same number of protons (the same atomic number) • But…. they can have different number of NEUTRONS. The more neutrons, the heavier the atom

  9. Hydrogen • Hydrogen is the smallest atom. • Most hydrogen atoms have only one proton and one electron (no neutrons) 1H 1

  10. One isotope of Hydrogen has a neutron

  11. Another isotopes of Hydrogen has 2 neutrons

  12. Isotopes of Hydrogen

  13. Isotopes of Lithium 3 neutrons 5 neutrons 4 neutrons

  14. Isotopes of carbon

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