Perceptual Processing Chapter 4

1. Perceptual ProcessingChapter 4 • Overview: Successful movement requires an awareness of the body and the environment. • This begins with the detection of information from the sensory receptors.

2. For Example: • What must be considered when preparing to hit an approaching tennis ball?

3. Roles of Perceptual Processes • 1. Receive information from sensory organs. • 2. Determine what information is important and what is not. • 3. Send this information on for Decision-making.

4. Really important concepts. • In order to understand Perceptual Processes, we must understand two important concepts. • 1. Sensation • 2. Perception

5. More important stuff. • Sensation: stimulates sensory receptors which send impulses to the CNS. What happens there? • Perception: interprets the code.

6. Sensory Structures • 1. Proprioceptors: • A. Muscle Spindles • B. Golgi Tendon Organs • C. Ruffini Endings (corpuscles) • D. Pacinian Corpuscles • E. Vestibular receptors • F. Cutaneous Receptors

7. Exteroreceptors • 1. Vision: provides information about visual acuity, depth perception, tracking, color, etc. • 2. Hearing or audition: needed to determine what is going on in the environment that vision may not pick up.

8. So what really happens when we process information? • 1. Detecting information. • Let’s take the example from the text. • A baseball outfielder who says “I lost the ball in the crowd”. What really is the problem? • This leads us to the Signal Detection Theory

9. Signal Detection Theory • 1. Signal Threshold • So how does this help our baseball outfielder? • How have manufacturers helped with this little problem?

10. The Next Step • Comparing information- making distinctions among similar categories of stimuli. • There must be a “just noticeable difference.”

11. Perceptual Standards • Perceptual standards are memory standards developed by practice and stored in memory.

12. Anticipation • Defined: a kind of ‘pre-processing’ of information before the onset of the stimulus –a form of prediction.

13. Three forms of anticipation. • 1. Receptor Anticipation: monitoring an external stimulus and then estimating when and where it will appear in space. • Examples:

14. Effector Anticipation: • 2. estimating how long a movement may take. • Examples:

15. Perceptual Anticipation: • 3. requires the timing of events that take place in a sequence. This is the most sophisticated. • Example: • Involves a new theory called: coincident-timing.

16. Co-incident Timing • What is involved? • A. monitoring the stimulus • B. anticipating where and when • C. estimating the onset and timing of muscular actions • Example: