CEMENTITIOUS STABILISATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: QUO VADIS

1. CEMENTITIOUS STABILISATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: QUO VADIS Phil Paige-Green, CSIR-Transportek, Pretoria Frank Netterberg Consultant

2. INTRODUCTION • Stabilisation of marginal materials is still an important part of road building in RSA • Will probably become more important as good materials are depleted • Specification of stabilisation is based on: • COLTO Standard Specs for R&B (1996) • with assistance from Draft TRH 13 (1986)

3. INTRODUCTION • Cement stabilisation experience incorporated in COLTO and TRH13 was based mainly on the use of: • Ordinary Portland Cement (SABS 471) • PBFC (SABS 626) • Portland cement blends (SABS 831) • Portland flyash cement (SABS 1466) • Things have changed !!

4. SABS ENV 197-1 • In 1992, became a European pre-standard (ENV) • After 3 years should be upgraded to European standard (EN) ?? • Adopted “as is” by SABS in 1996 for RSA • Applicable to “common cements” • Similar spec for masonry cements (SABS ENV 413-1) • Concentrate on SABS ENV 197-1 as this is most relevant for roads

5. NEW REQUIREMENTS • Totally different classification system • 5 cement types • 9 groups (depend on additive) • 19 subgroups (depend on composition) • Also classified by strength and rate of strength gain (6 additional permutations)

6. CLASSIFICATION • I Portland cement • II Other Portland cements • Portland slag cement • Portland silica fume cement • Portland flyash cement • Portland limestone cement • Portland composite cement • III Blastfurnace cement • IV Pozzolanic cement • V Composite cement

8. Strength requirements

9. STANDARD DESIGNATION • Cement ENV 197-1 CEM I 32.5 • (equiv to OPC ?) • Cement ENV 197-1 CEM II/A-S 42.5

10. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

11. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

12. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (cont)

13. STRENGTH

15. Strength requirements

16. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

17. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

18. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (cont)

19. STRENGTH