Chapter 12 Key Issue 2

1. Chapter 12 Key Issue 2 Ah SheVonne Savaiinaea & Sineva Endemann

2. Where Are Contemporary Services Located? • Rural settlements: are for agriculture and provide a small number of services • Urban Settlements: are for consumer and business services.

3. Rural Settlements • A clustered rural settlement is a place where a number of families live in close proximity of each other. Fields surround the homes and farm buildings. • A dispersed rural settlement is where farmers live on individual farms isolated from their neighbors.

4. Clustered Rural Settlements • They include homes, barns, tool sheds, other farm structures, consumer services, and religious structures. • In a clustered rural settlement each person is given strips of land in the surrounding fields. • Clustered rural settlements are arranged in one of these two types of patterns: circular or linear.

5. Circular Rural Settlements • Circular settlements comprise a central open space surrounded by structures. Kraal Village in Southern Africa.

6. Linear Rural Settlements • Linear rural settlements comprise buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications. French long-lot system

7. Dispersed Rural Settlements • In the United States: new colonists that came either received land directly from people who had a large amount or bought tracts of land from speculators. • In Great Britain: to improve agriculture production they converted from clustered to dispersed. An example is the enclosuremovement. (combining small strips of land to make one large farm.)

8. Differences Between Urban and Rural Settlements • "A city is a permanent settlement that has three characteristics: large size, high density, and social heterogeneous people." -Thus Wirth • Large size: In a rural settlement you are most likely to know those around you and see and interact with them daily. In a urban settlement you only know a few other residents because of the large size of the area. • High density: In an urban settlement groups compete for the same territory and the larger one dominates. Each person must play a specific role to make sure the urban system runs smoothly. • Social heterogeneity: A person in an urban settlement can pursue an unusual profession or cultural interest without being noticed or looked down on. This is possible because there are more people that are different in one city.

9. Increasing Percentage of People in Cities • Urbanization, the process by which the population of urban settlements grow, has two parts: increase in the number of people and the increase in the percentage of people. • A large percentage of people in cities reflects the country's level of development. MDC's are almost fully urbanized. • This is because those in rural areas have left their farms to work in factories and service jobs.

10. Increasing Number of People in Cities • MDC's have a higher percentage but, LDC's have more very large cities. examples: Buenos Aires, Shanghai, and Bombay. • This increase is caused by people from the countryside coming to urban areas even if there aren't jobs available and also from the NIR.

11. Summary • There's a big difference between urban settlements and rural settlements. • These settlements are used for different situations and contain different kinds of people and services.