Today Weather Review Air Temperatures ( chp 3 cont’d) Record Temperature video

1. Mon. Sep 15 • Today • Weather Review • Air Temperatures (chp 3 cont’d) • Record Temperature video • Vehicle Heating and Heatstroke • Wednesday (9/17) • Weather Maps and Isopleths

2. Weather Review EnhamcedInfrared Visible Hurricane Odile

3. Weather Review Visible

4. Weather Review Infrared

5. Weather Review EnhamcedInfrared

6. Weather Review

7. Weather Review Rain in San Jose on Thursday?

9. Mercury in Glass Thermometer

10. Stevenson (Cotton) Shelter

11. Bellani-Six Max/MinThermometer Maximum Marker Minimum Marker

12. Bi-Metal Thermometer Different metals expand/contract differently

13. Thermistor Measures changes in resistance

14. ASOS Automated Surface Observing System

15. Infrared Thermometer Measures longwave radiation

16. Satellite Radiometer Radiometer

17. Radiosonde Radiosonde

18. Radiosonde Radiosonde Sites

19. Radiosonde Radiosonde Sites

20. Thermograph

21. Wind Chill • “Feels like” temperature • Effect of temperature and wind on humans NOT ON SUBSTANCES • Wind chill temperature = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75V (**0.16) + 0.4275TV(**0.16)

22. Wind Chill

24. Car Heating Dynamics and Heatstroke

25. Twins die trapped inside a hot vehicle • Funeral today for girl found dead in hot van • Baby left in truck all day dies • Toddler dies after being left in hot car • Baby daughter dies after dad forgets her inside his car • Son dies after 9 hours in car • …. And many, many more …. Recent Headlines

26. 44

27. 27

28. 633+

29. 1991-199721 Airbag Deaths/yr11 Hyperthermia/yr 1998-2014<1 Airbag death/yr38 Hyperthermia/yr

30. 44% of “forgotten” children were to have been dropped off childcare/preschool . 52% 29% 18%

31. Average Age = 21 months

32. More states have laws against leaving pets in vehicles Current Laws

33. Child’s body less capable of cooling itself • A child’s body temperature rises 3 to 5 • times faster than an adult’s • Heat Stroke (i.e., Hyperthermia) • Cooling system is overwhelmed at 104 ° F • Symptoms • Stops perspiring, red dry skin, faintness, staggering, strong and rapid pulse; possible delirium or coma • Death at 107 ° F What is Heatstroke?

34. Summer 2002 observational study • 16 study days • Outside air temperatures from 72 ° - 96° F • On two days, measurements were also made with the windows “cracked” 1.5 inches How Hot? How Fast?

35. Incoming Shortwave Solar Radiation Warms Interior Objects How Do Cars Get Hot? Outgoing Longwave Radiation Heats the Air Air and Windows are Transparent to Sunlight

36. How Hot? How Fast?

37. How Hot? How Fast?

38. An 80° Day

39. An 80° Day

40. An 80° Day

41. An 80° Day

42. An 80° Day

43. An 80° Day

44. An 80° Day

45. Nearly half of temperature rise in 10 minutes • 80% in first 30 minutes • Temperatures plateau 45-50° above ambient • “Cracking” windows has minimal effect • Dark cars NOT necessarily worse than white cars • Published: Pediatrics, 2005 • Updated on the Internet Vehicle Heating Summary

46. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS

47. SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS • NEVER LEAVE A CHILD UNATTENDED IN A VEHICLE.  NOT EVEN FOR A MINUTE! • IF YOU SEE A CHILD UNATTENDED IN A HOT VEHICLE CALL 9-1-1. • Be sure that all occupants leave the vehicle when unloading. • Teach your children that vehicles are never to be used as a play area. • Have a plan that your childcare provider will call you if your child does not show up for school.