Unit Five

1. Unit Five Language

2. Teaching Aims • to reflect on various ways of communication with a focus on language • To critically think about language study • To get to know the features of narrative writing through the study of How I discovered Words

3. Talking about ways of Communication

4. Task 1 ----- Picture Describing There are many ways to communicate besides language, for example, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, try to figure out the following pictures. • Click the picture to get the answer

5. How does he feel?

6. Language is a system of symbols designed for the purpose of human communication. Language

7. The Tower of Babel

8. The Tower of Babel • 1 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. • 2 As men moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. • 3 They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." They used brick instead of stone, and tar(石漆)for mortar(灰泥). • 4 Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth.“ • 5 But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. • 6 The LORD said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. • 7 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.“ • 8 So the LORD scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel—because there the LORD confused the language of the whole world. From there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

9. 巴别塔(又名:通天塔 ) • 那时，天下人的口音、言语都是一样。 • 他们往东边迁移的时候，在示拿地遇见一片平原，就住在那里。 • 他们彼此商量说：来罢！我们要作砖，把砖烧透了。他们就拿砖当石头，又拿石漆当灰泥。 • 他们说：来罢！我们要建造一座城和一座塔，塔顶通天，为要传扬我们的名，免得我们分散在全地上。 • 耶和华降临，要看看世人所建造的城和塔。 • 耶和华说：看哪，他们成为一样的人民，都是一样的言语，如今既作起这事来，以后他们所要作的事就没有不成就的了。 • 我们下去，在那里变乱他们的口音，使他们的言语彼此不通。 • 于是耶和华使他们从那里分散在全地上；他们就停工，不造那城了。 • 因为耶和华在那里变乱天下人的言语，使众人分散在全地上，所以那城名叫巴别【就是变乱的意思】。 《圣经·旧约》

10. Task 1 ----- Discussion There are many different languages people use to communicate. Discuss the following questions about language with your classmates . • Do you know some dialects? If yes, • show them to us. • How many languages can you • speak? What are they? • Do you think language learning is a • difficult process?Why or why not?

11. Task 2 ----- Language Learning in America Learning a foreign language is usually required in schools around the world. But in different countries, the learning program is different. Listen to the following passage about how American children learn a foreign language and then answer some questions. • What is the best age Americans want children to learn a foreign language? Why? • It is wanted for children to learn a foreign language younger than 5 years old, since language experts say it is easier for younger children to learn a language. • What do Children do in immersion programs ? • Children in immersion programs hear only but new language in the classroom. The children play games, sing songs and talk to one another in the new language.

12. Task 2 ----- Language Learning in America Script It seems more and more Americans want schools to teach foreign languages to children younger than 5 years old. The most popular way to teach these young children another language is the method called “immersion (沉浸法)”. Children in immersion programs hear only but new language in the classroom. The children play games, sing songs and talk to one another in the new language. Some experts say immersion programs are the most effective way for young children to learn a language. But there can be a problem when children in the United States began to learn another language at such an early age. Not many elementary schools continue the effort as the children get older. Only seven of the fifty states require school to teach a foreign language to students between the ages of six and twelve. Language experts say it is easier for younger children to learn a language.

13. Task 2 ----- Story Telling Helen Keller’s Story Learning languages is an effort exerting task, which is more difficult for a girl like Helen Keller, who was no longer able to see or hear after she was sick at the age of 19 months. But with the help of her teacher, Miss Anne Sullivan, she succeeded.

14. Task 2 ----- Video Clip Watch the video clip and you will know how Helen Keller discovered words! How I Discovered Words • Click to stop and click again to continue

15. Quotations on Language • Language is the dress of thought.Samuel Johnson • Language shapes the way we think, and determines what we can think about. Benjamin Whorf • "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world."Ludwig Wittgenstein • If we spoke a different language, we would perceive a somewhat different world. Ludwig Wittgenstein

16. DebateShould learners Aim to Speak English with a Native Pronunciation?

17. 英语非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只是对它加以描写、叙述或解释。翻译这类从句时，译者应尽量体现原句中潜在的语用意义和语感，可借助的方法有： 前置法 后置法 转换法

18. 一些较短而且具有描写性的英语非限制性的定语从句，也可以译成带有“…的”的前置定语。一些较短而且具有描写性的英语非限制性的定语从句，也可以译成带有“…的”的前置定语。 He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was cold and proud. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠骄傲的哥哥。（对比描述）

19. The emphasis was helped by the speaker’s mouth, which was wide, thin and hard-set. 说话人那又宽又薄又紧绷绷的嘴巴，帮助他加强了语气。 The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。

20. 后置法的应用可以将原文从句的关系代词按顺序重复出来，也可以省略，或者将从句处理为独立的句子。后置法的应用可以将原文从句的关系代词按顺序重复出来，也可以省略，或者将从句处理为独立的句子。 He saw in front that white-haired old woman, whose eyes flashed red with anger. 他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老太太，眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。（省略）

21. They went to Mr. Chang, who gave them a hearty welcome. 他们去看张先生，张先生热诚地欢迎他们。 I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting. 我遇到了一个问题。当我就要出席会议时，这个问题越发明显。 （独立句）

22. 同处理限制性定语从句的转换法一致，这种译法同样适合非限制性定语从句。同处理限制性定语从句的转换法一致，这种译法同样适合非限制性定语从句。 We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得清楚。 （强调原因）

23. He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（强调让步） That man became desired for work, any work, which would help him to keep his family alive. 他极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。（强调条件）

24. 写作实践 Learning Chinese Fever in the World • 相关链接

25. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Learning Chinese Fever in the World. You should write at least 120 words according to the information given below in Chinese: 情景作文：世界各地兴起汉语热。30,000,000外国人学汉语，100多个国家开设汉语课，120多个国家的540,000人参加过汉语水平考试（HSK）。试分析引起汉语热的原因并预测其发展趋势。

26. Do you feel learning English is a headache? Here is good news for you: today, about 30 million people around the world are learning Chinese, and various educational institutions in over 100 countries have offered Chinese courses. More than 540,000 people from 120 countries have participated in the HSK examination (Han Yu Shui Ping Kao Shi) to date. These figures are encouraging, and it seems that Chinese may well become the second most popular international language, just behind English. Learning Chinese Fever in the World

27. Through this phenomenon, we can see clearly that the pace of China’s advance in the world arena is rapid. China’s international status has also been rising rapidly. Besides, the 5000-year-old splendid history of Chinese civilization is another aspect counting for the highly increasing number of students studying Chinese. Numerous foreigners have stepped into this ancient land, appreciating Chinese culture. Additionally, China’s rapid economic growth and especially its entry to the WTO attribute greatly to the

28. The rising Chinese language fever has spawned (大量产生) a great number of “Chinese courses” all across the world. In the coming years, as our country’s economic and cultural links expand, the number of foreigners learning Chinese is expected to multiply (增多), and there fever.More and more business people cast their eyes on the Chinese market, and want to get more profit from it, which largely inspires the enthusiasm for learning the Chinese language.

29. will be a great demand for Chinese teachers. Maybe someday, we will be able to go abroad to teach foreigners Chinese! But, remember, we need to sharpen our English first in order to teach them in a more effective and efficient way.

30. I. [ TOEFL作文题目] Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Some People like to learn foreign language by listening courses, writing homework and reading books, others like to learn by talking to foreigners, listening to radio programs, watching TV and seeing films. Which do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.

31. II. [ GRE作文题目I ] “Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.” III. [ GRE作文题目II ] “The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.”