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Prologue: The Story of Psychology

Prologue: The Story of Psychology. Psychology ’ s Roots Pre-scientific Scientific. Pre-science Philosophy Science Biology & Medicine. Prescientific Psychology. Confucius (551-479 B.C.). home.tiscali.be/alain.ernotte/livre/confucius.jpg.

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Prologue: The Story of Psychology

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  1. Prologue: The Story of Psychology Psychology’s Roots • Pre-scientific • Scientific

  2. Pre-science Philosophy Science Biology & Medicine

  3. Prescientific Psychology Confucius (551-479 B.C.) home.tiscali.be/alain.ernotte/livre/confucius.jpg In China, Confucius stressed the power of ideas and the importance of an educated mind.

  4. Prescientific Psychology Socrates (469-399 B.C.) and Plato (428-348 B.C.) http://www.law.umkc.edu http://www.law.umkc.edu Socrates Plato Socrates and his student Plato believed the mind was separate from the body, the mind continued to exist after death, and ideas were innate.

  5. Prescientific Psychology Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) http://faculty.washington.edu Aristotle suggested that the soul is not separable from the body and that knowledge (ideas) grow from experience.

  6. Prescientific Psychology Rene Descartes (1596-1650) http://www.spacerad.com http://ocw.mit.edu Descartes, like Plato, believed in soul (mind)-body separation, but wondered how the immaterial mind and physical body communicated.

  7. Prescientific Psychology John Locke (1632-1704) biografieonline.it/img/bio/John_Locke.jpg Locke held that the mind was a tabula rasa, or blank sheet, at birth, and experiences wrote on it.

  8. Prescientific Psychology How are ideas formed?

  9. Psychology’s Big Debate Nature versus Nurture Darwin (1809-1882)

  10. Question 1 The nature-nurture debate in psychology is rooted in the philosophical debate between: A. Aristotle and Locke B. Plato and Aristotle C. Nietzche and Freud D. Abott and Costello

  11. Psychological Science is Born Structuralism Titchner (1867-1927) Wundt (1832-1920) Wundt and Titchener studied the elements (atoms) of the mind by conducting experiments at Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

  12. Psychological Science is Born Functionalism James (1842-1910) Mary Calkins Influenced by Darwin, William James established the school of functionalism, which opposed structuralism.

  13. Psychological Science is Born The Unconscious Mind Freud (1856-1939) Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior.

  14. Psychological Science Develops Behaviorism Skinner (1904-1990) Watson (1878-1958) Watson (1913) and later Skinner emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology.

  15. Psychological Science Develops Humanistic Psychology Maslow (1908-1970) http://facultyweb.cortland.edu Rogers (1902-1987) http://www.carlrogers.dk Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance.

  16. Psychology Today We define psychology today as the scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings).

  17. Questions Some lend themselves to scientific inquiry Others do not

  18. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

  19. Psychology’s Subfields: Research

  20. Psychology’s Subfields: Applied

  21. Close-up Additional Study Hints • Distribute your time. • Listen actively in class. • Overlearn. • Be a smart test-taker.

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