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CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7. EDUCATION. Real Annual Expenditure Per Pupil in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools (selected years). Justifying Government Intervention in Education. Is Education a Public Good? Does Education Generate Positive Externalities? The Conventional Wisdom

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CHAPTER 7

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  1. CHAPTER 7 EDUCATION

  2. Real Annual Expenditure Per Pupil in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools (selected years)

  3. Justifying Government Intervention in Education • Is Education a Public Good? • Does Education Generate Positive Externalities? • The Conventional Wisdom • The Case Against the Conventional Wisdom • The Case of Higher Education • Is the Education Market Inequitable? • Commodity Egalitarianism

  4. What Can Government Intervention in Education Accomplish? • Should public education be free and compulsory? • Should government produce public education?

  5. Does Government Intervention Crowd Out Private Education? A x Quantity of all other goods ii Private School quantity of education Public schooling “crowds out” education i B ep e0 Quantity of Education

  6. Does Government Intervention Crowd Out Private Education? A x Quantity of all other goods ii i Public schooling increases quantity of education B e0 ep Quantity of Education

  7. Does Government Intervention Crowd Out Private Education? A x Quantity of all other goods Public schooling does not increase quantity of education ii i B ep e0 Quantity of Education

  8. Does Government Spending Improve Educational Outcomes?

  9. Does Government Spending Improve Educational Outcomes? • Comparative educational outcomes • Empirical Evidence: Does Spending on Education Improve Student Test Scores?

  10. Public Spending and the Quality of Education • Empirical Evidence: Does Reducing Class Size Improve Student Test Scores? • Measuring costs • Measuring benefits • Project STAR • Israel • Timings of births • Political economy analysis of class size • California

  11. Does Education Increase Earnings? • Link between higher spending on education and earnings • Elementary and secondary education outcomes • Influence of age and economic status • Spending on the margin

  12. New Directions for Public Education-Charter Schools • Charter Schools- public schools operating under special state charters that permit experimentation and allow independence • Empirical evidence • Diversity of choice • Student outcomes

  13. New Directions for Public Education-Vouchers • Vouchers – financial grants to families that can be used to pay their children’s tuition at (nearly) any school • Argument in favor • Vouchers create competition in educational marketplace • Arguments opposing • Parents might not be well-enough informed to make good choices • Moving children to private schools might reduce positive externalities of education • If good students escape bad schools, weaker students left behind may received even worse educations • Inequitable • Empirical evidence on the effect of vouchers

  14. New Directions for Public Education-School Accountability • School accountability – monitoring student and school performance via standardized tests • No Child Left Behind Act (2001) • Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of school accountability

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