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SolarHydro Electric Power by MeV Technology, Inc.

SolarHydro Electric Power by MeV Technology, Inc.

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SolarHydro Electric Power by MeV Technology, Inc.

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  1. SolarHydro Electric PowerbyMeV Technology, Inc. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  2. "The information contained in this presentation comprises confidential, proprietary, and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc., and is being disclosed upon the express acknowledgement by Recipients of this claim, and their agreement to maintain this information in strict confidence and not to use or disclose the information except as authorized by MeV Technology, Inc." _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  3. USA Typical Solar Flux _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/redbook/atlas/serve.cgi

  4. Solar Power Density 4 KWh/meter2/day (typical average) 4 GWh/Kmeter2/day (typical average) 2.59 SqKm in a SqMile 10.4 GWh/mile2/day (typical average) Or 1.04 GW/mile2 each hour for a 10 hr Day _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  5. The Need to Concentrate Energy • Solar Power Density is Low • Solution • Very Large Arrays • Concentrate Photons using Mirrors/Lenses • An Alternate Solution to Optical Concentration _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  6. Current Solar Concentrator Technology http://www.eere.energy.gov/solar/csp.html _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  7. Problems with Trough Concentrators STANWELL POWER STATION PROJECT Graham L. Morrison1, David R. Mills2 and Stanwell Corporation “The tendency has been to produce larger and larger scale systems to produce economies of scale and lower installation cost, but with contiguous reflectors there are limits on manageable size. Scaling up of parabolic trough or dish collectors for large solar thermal power systems is limited by wind loading problems and shading between adjacent concentrators. The aperture width of the LUZ parabolic trough collectors is 5 m and the adjacent rows were spaced by approximately 10 m. Larger units become progressively more difficult to install and clean.” http://solar1.mech.unsw.edu.au/glm/papers/CLFR-Geelong99V6.PDF _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  8. Problems with Dish Concentrators Parabolic dish concentrators are similar to trough concentrators, but focus the sunlight on a single point. Dishes can produce much higher temperatures, and so can produce electricity more efficiently. But because they are more complicated, they have not succeeded outside of demonstration projects. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/how-solar-energy-works.html _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  9. Total Solution • Very Large Collection Arrays • Concentrate EnergyNOT Photons • Concentrate EnergyNOT Heat • Concentrate MASS as ENERGY _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  10. Displacement Engine OrganoRankine Engine Stirling Engine Pumping Options _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  11. Coupling into Solar Energy _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  12. The Solar Wave Q Heat Q Heat Hot Cold A few Degrees K Q Heat 6000 C Day Heat Energy Useful Power Out Transformer / Rectifier Q Heat Absorbtion Night _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  13. T (Hot) Heat Transformer ransformer W=Q T (Cold) The Absorb – Emit Engine _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  14. What is required of the “Transformer/ Rectifier”? • The system must: • Absorb Heat Energy during Day Light Operations • “Absorb Cold” (Emit Heat) Energy during Night Operations _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  15. Displacement Day Night _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  16. Liquid / Gas Phase Transformations Liquid to Gas - Heat is Absorbed due to Latent Heat External Work is done ( High Temperature, High Pressure) Gas to Liquid – Heat is Emitted due to Latent (Low Temperature, Low Pressure) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  17. Rectification via the Use of Gas Phase TransitionsAbsorptionand Emission of Heat Day - Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Day Day Q - Absorbed Night Q Emitted Night Night - Gas to Liquid Phase Transition _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  18. Work, Latent Heat Equations W = PV = nRT Calculating per Mole: n = 1 mole : R = 8.31 joule/ (K * mole):T = 60 C Thus W = 2767.23 joules/mole Latent Heat for Several Chemicals Chemical Latent Heat J/g J/mole CO2 571 25124 H2O 2675 48150 NH3 1371 23307 SF6 162 23652 All Gas Data taken from: http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  19. Reducing the Solar Cross Section Q Heat Q Heat Hot Cold A few Degrees K Q Heat 6000 C Day Heat Energy Useful Power Out Transformer / Rectifier Q Heat Absorbtion Night _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  20. Saturated Vapor Pressure The process of evaporation in a closed container will proceed until there are as many molecules returning to the liquid as there are escaping. At this point the vapor is said to be saturated, and the pressure of that vapor (usually expressed in mmHg) is called the saturated vapor pressure. Since the molecular kinetic energy is greater at higher temperature, more molecules can escape the surface and the saturated vapor pressure is correspondingly higher. If the liquid is open to the air, then the vapor pressure is seen as a partial pressure along with the other constituents of the air. The temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure is called the boiling point. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/vappre.html _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  21. Ammonia PV Curve Conversion Factors 150F = 66C 60F=16C 40 0.1MPa=600 PSI 6 0.1Pa = 90 PSI http://www.airliquide.com/en/business/products/gases/gasdata/images/VaporPressureGraph/Ammonia_Vapor_Pressure.GIF _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  22. R410A PV Table http://www.hvacreducation.net/offerings/ariworkshopf/ariworkshop13.html _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  23. Heat EnginesThe Stirling EngineTemperature is the Across Variable PV = NrT : P2V = Nr(T+dT) : T+dT = T*(1+dT/T) P2V = NrT(1+dT/T) Which for this case where dT=7% (300-280K) P2V = NrT*1.07 or P1*1.07V = NrT*1.07 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  24. The Saturation EngineHeat is the Through Variable ~100% Delta in P 7% Delta in K However if the work is done at the two PV saturation Points P2 = P * 2 (Note N is not a constant at the two points in this case) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  25. Two Containers V1, P1, T1, N1 V2, P2, T2, N2 Allow V1, P1, T1, N1 =V2, P2, T2, N2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  26. Connect Two Containers to Make One V1, P1, T1, N1 V2, P2, T2, N2 Because V1, P1, T1, N1 =V2, P2, T2, N2 ThusVT, PT, TT, NT = 2*V1, P1, T1, 2*N1 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  27. Continuous Expansion atConstant Temperature and Pressure Not to Scale Not to Scale Q (Heat) Q (Heat) Q (Heat) V1, P1, T1, N1 2*V1, P1, T1, 2*N1 4*V1, P1, T1, 4*N1 Note that: ΔV = ΔN Where the increase in N comes from the transition of the working fluid from liquid togas phase. And the number of N in the liquid is on the order of 10 to 1000 less volume than in the gas phase _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  28. A Simple Machine The following is a simplified example of how to apply the constant temperature, constant pressure concept. From: Fundamentals of Physics, Revised Printing, Halliday and Resnick, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1974 ISBN 0-471-34431-1 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  29. Beginning of Expansion Cycle t Va Heat in to Drive Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va Ma _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  30. Beginning of Expansion Cycle II t Initially (non steady state) Fa > Fb or Fnet > 0 The expansion velocity is increasing due to Fnet=Ma*aThis acceleration is allowed to continue until the expansion velocity is equal to the number of atoms driven from the liquid to gas phase. Expansion Velocity Fa Heat in to Drive Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Ma Fb _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  31. Middle of Expansion Cycle Work = Force * Distance = Pa * Va/2 t Va Ma Gas at Ta and Pa Heat in to Drive Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  32. Middle of Expansion Cycle II Expansion Velocity t Steady State The expansion velocity is constant, Fa = Fband ΔNt= ΔVt ΔNt is driven by the heat input Fa Ma Fb Heat in to Drive Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Nt , Vt Note: Neglecting second order effects such as the mass of the gas _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  33. Top of Expansion Cycle Ma Work = Force * Distance = Pa * Va t Va Gas at Ta and Pa Heat in to Drive Liquid to Gas Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  34. Ma Moved to Static Position and Va Locked at Top Ma t Va Gas at Tb and Pb Cooling in to Reduce Gas Temperature Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  35. Condensation Cycle at Top of Cycle Ma-b Note: Mb << Ma t Mb Va Gas at Tb and Pb Tb<< Ta and Pb << Pa Cooling in to Drive Gas to Liquid Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  36. Condensation Cycle at Mid Cycle Work = Force * Distance = Pb * Va / 2 Ma-b t Va Mb Gas at Tb and Pb Cooling in to Drive Gas to Liquid Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  37. Condensation Cycle at End of Cycle Work = Force * Distance = Pb * Va Ma-b t Va Liquid at Tb and Pb Cooling in to Drive Gas to Liquid Phase Transition Vf not to scale, typically 10 to 1000 < Va Mb _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  38. Work Equation is the Area Defined by Temperature and Pressures Pa Work = (Pa * Va)-(Pb * Vb) Pb Vb Va _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  39. Energy Generation Top of Cycle Generator Potential =Force*Distance = Ma * Height * g Ma-b Height _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  40. Energy Generation Mid Cycle Generator Work = Force*Distance = Ma * Height / 2 * g Ma-b Height _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  41. Energy Generation End of Cycle Generator Work = Force*Distance = Ma * Height * g Height Ma-b _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  42. Low Temperature Collection Systems Low-temperature systems (unglazed)operate at up to 18 F° (10 C°) above ambient temperature, and are most often used for heating swimming pools. Often, the pool water is colder than the air, and insulating the collector would be counter-productive. Low-temperature collectors are extruded from polypropylene or other polymers with UV stabilizers. Flow passages for the pool water are molded directly into the absorber plate, and pool water is circulated through the collectors with the pool filter circulation pump. Swimming pool heaters cost from $10 to $40/ft² [2004]. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com http://www.wbdg.org/design/swheating.php

  43. Mid Temperature “Flat Plate Collectors” Mid-temperature collectors are usually flat plates insulated by a low-iron cover glass and fiberglass or polyisocyanurate insulation. Reflection and absorbtion of sunlight in the cover glass reduces the efficiency at low temperature differences, but the glass is required to retain heat at higher temperatures. A copper absorber plate with copper tubes welded to the fins is used. In order to reduce radiant losses from the collector, the absorber plate is often treated with a black nickel selective surface, which has a high absorptivity in the short-wave solar spectrum, but a low-emissivity in the long-wave thermal spectrum. Mid-temperature systems range in cost from $90 to $120/ft² [2004] of collector area. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  44. High Temperature Evacuated Tube High-temperature systems utilize evacuated tubes around the receiver tube to provide high levels of insulation and often use focusing curved mirrors to concentrate sunlight. High temperature systems are required for absorption cooling or electricity generation, but are used for mid-temperature applications such as commercial or institutional water heating as well. Due to the tracking mechanism required to keep the focusing mirrors facing the sun, high-temperature systems are usually very large and mounted on the ground adjacent to a facility. Evacuated tube collectors themselves cost about $75/ft², but use of curved mirrors and economies of scale get this cost down for large system sizes to a relatively low cost of $40-70/ft² [2004]. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  45. Solar Collector Efficiencies Solar Collectors—Solar collector efficiency is plotted as a straight line against the parameter (Tc-Ta)/I, where Tc is the collector inlet temperature (C ), Ta is the ambient air temperature (C ), and I is the intensity of the solar radiation (W/m²). Notice that inexpensive, unglazed collectors are very efficient at low ambient temperatures, but efficiency drops off very quickly as temperature increases. They offer the best performance for low temperature applications, but glazed collectors are required to efficiently achieve higher temperatures. http://www.wbdg.org/design/swheating.php _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  46. SolarHydro Electric Power Distributed Collection Concentrated Power Generation _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  47. Existing Technology Pumped Storage Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage Plant is located in southeast Tennessee on a site that overlooks the Tennessee River near Chattanooga. The plant works like a large storage battery. During periods of low demand, water is pumped from Nickajack Reservoir at the base of the mountain to the reservoir built at the top. It takes 28 hours to fill the upper reservoir. When demand is high, water is released via a tunnel drilled through the center of the mountain to drive generators in the mountain’s underground power plant. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  48. Why have pumped storage? Electrical energy cannot be stored. Therefore the energy taken from an electrical power supply grid must always be equal to the energy being delivered by the electrical power plants. If this were not the case, the frequency and voltage of the supply grid would deviate from standard values. Following severe disturbances of the supply/load balance, the supply system could collapse. Pumped storage plants solve this problem by storing electrical energy as potential energy: They pump water to an upper reservoir at times of surplus energy on an electrical supply grid-typically, at night. This potential energy is then released through a hydro-electrical generator at times of high demand. Figures 1a and 1b show a typical pumped-storage scheme configuration. http://www.hydropower.org/PSD/Articles/Benefits1.htm _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  49. Solar Hydro Electric Power Use Distributed Solar Collector/Pumps to PUMP Water up Hill Thereby Concentrating the ENERGY _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

  50. Generalized Displacement Chamber _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The information here is the proprietary and trade secret information of MeV Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95135 408-238-6351 www.MeVTechnology.com

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