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Numbers

Numbers. Sinai. Wandering. God’s Development of Israel’s Faith . Introduction to the Book of Numbers. Book of Numbers Name in Hebrew = In the wilderness (fifth word of first verse) Name in LXX = Numbers Theme: The spiritual development of Israel in the wilderness to follow God only.

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Numbers

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  1. Numbers Sinai Wandering God’s Development of Israel’s Faith

  2. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Book of Numbers • Name in Hebrew = In the wilderness (fifth word of first verse) • Name in LXX = Numbers • Theme: • The spiritual development of Israel in the wilderness to follow God only. • Writer - Moses • Moses kept a log of their journey (33:2) • Probably written after people arrived in the promise land

  3. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Contents of Numbers • Description of the Israel's journey in the wilderness and God's guidance to teach them to trust Him. • Beginning and ending points • Begins with the Israelites leaving Sinai • Ends with the Israelites preparing to enter Canaan • Main characters • Moses, brother Aaron, sister Miriam • Aaron's sons – Eleazar, Phinehas • Caleb • Joshua

  4. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Time period – 1445 B.C. to 1406 B.C. • Outline of Numbers • Preparation for leaving Sinai (1:1-10:10) • Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • Kadesh-barnea to the plains of Moab (15:1-21:35) • Encounter with the Moabites and Balaam (22:1-25:18) • Preparations for entering Canaan (26:1-36:13)

  5. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Chronology from Sinai • Census taken – 1st day, 2nd month, 2nd year, one month after tabernacle built (Num. 1:1; Ex. 40:17) • Spans the 40 years in the wilderness (39 years left actually). • Num. 9:1 – Passover celebration commanded - 2nd year, 1st mo. • Num. 10:11 - Leave Sinai -2nd year, 2nd mo., 20th day (1445 B.C.) • Nineteen days after census they break camp

  6. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Chronology after Sinai • Num. 20:1 - Arrive in Kadesh-barnea - 3rd year, 1st mo., 20th day 11 months later (no year actually stated) • Wilderness wandering - 37 years later to Aaron's death and end of wandering • Num. 33:38 - Aaron's death - 40th year, 5th mo., 1st day • Deut. 1:3, 5 - Moses address to the people - 40 year, 11 mo., 1st day – six months after Aaron’s death

  7. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Most events recorded in Numbers occurred in the 2nd year in the wilderness or the 40th year • Three events not in the second or fortieth year • Rebellion of Korah (Nu. 16:1-17:13) • Death of Miriam (Nu. 20:1) • Poisonous serpents (Nu. 21:4-9)

  8. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Principles in the Book of Numbers • God leads His people • God's people must continue to believe and trust to follow God • A lack of faith hinders one's journey • Punishment is a consequence of disobedience • God is patient with His people • God listens to prayers • God protects His people

  9. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Important events in Numbers • Census: Preparing for war and travel • Challenge to Moses' authority • Twelve spies at Kadesh-barnea • Korah's rebellion • Aaron's death • Bronze serpent • Moses successor

  10. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Summary of Pentateuch • Genesis - Beginning and Promise • Exodus - Covenant and Tabernacle • Leviticus - Sacrifice and Religious Instruction • Numbers - Wilderness wandering and arrival at the promised land

  11. Introduction to the Book of Numbers

  12. Introduction to the Book of Numbers • Sinai: Mountains surrounding Jebel Musa—the traditional site of Mt. Sinai • Rasmussen, C. G. (2010). Zondervan Atlas of the Bible (Revised Edition) (105). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

  13. Introduction to the Book of Numbers

  14. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Preparation for leaving Sinai (1:1-10:10) • Census and marching position (1:1-2:34) • Date: 1st day, second month, 2nd year (1:1) • Select leaders, commanding officers (1:4-16) • Census taken to prepare for war • Fighting age men numbered, 20 and up (1:1-46) • Ruben 46,500 Simeon 59,300 • Gad 45,650 Judah 74,600 • Issachar 54,400 Zebulun 57,400 • Ephriam 40,500 Manassah 32,200 • Benjamin 35,400 Dan 62,700 • Asher 41,500 Naphtali 53,400 • Total 603,550

  15. Israelite Wilderness Camp NORTH NAPHTALI DAN ASHER BENJAMIN LEVITE CLANS ISSACHAR MERARI MOSES AARON Tabernacle GERSHON JUDAH EPHRAIM WEST EAST KOHATH MANASSEH ZEBULUM GAD REUBEN SIMEON SOUTH

  16. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Preparation for leaving Sinai (1:1-10:10) • Levites (1:47-54) • Not numbered • They would not fight but take care of the tabernacle • Camping positions around the tabernacle (2:1-34)

  17. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Levites' place and duties (3:1-4:49) • Sons of Aaron, Eleazer and Ethamar served as priests (3:1-4) • God sets aside Levites for taking care of the tabernacle (3:5-51) • Levites are chosen by God to take the place of the first born son • Son's of Levi are divided into three families besides Moses and Aaron’s family • Gershon, Kohath and Merari • Each family group was to take care of a particular part of the tabernacle

  18. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Levites' place and duties (3:1-4:49) • Each family group camped on a particular side of the tabernacle • Redemption of first born • First born of Israel 22,273 • Levite of 1 month and up 22,000 • Remainder redeemed by payment, 5 shekels 273 • Packing the tabernacle for travel (4:1-49) • Census of each family of Levi • Census Purpose: Each to take care of a certain section of the tabernacle

  19. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Camp laws and regulations (5:1-31) • Law on leprosy (5:1-4) • Law on restitution (5:5-10) • Law on jealousy (5:11-31) • Nazarite and benediction (6:1-27) • Nazarite - vow to separate himself to God. • Voluntary • Abstinence from drinking • Did not shave

  20. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Gifts for the Levites for their duties in the tabernacle (7:1-89) • Gift from the head of the tribes (7:1-10) • Took place on the day tabernacle was consecrated • Each head gave and ox (12 oxen) • Every two tribal heads gave a cart (6 carts) • Carts given – Gershon - two carts, Merare - four carts for carrying items of the tabernacle and Kohath - none because they carried the small stuff on their backs • Gifts from each tribe (7:11-88) • Utensils to use • Oxen, sheep, and goats, bulls, lambs • Incense and flour • Total amount given to the Levites (7:84-88)

  21. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Levites sanctified and installed in office (8:1-26) • God's instructions to Moses regarding the tabernacle (8:1-19) • Aaron to "mount" the lamp stand (8:1-4) • Sanctification of the Levis (8:5-19) • Purifying water • Razor over their whole body • Wash their clothes • Sin offering made for them • Israelites lay their hands on them (8:10) • Levites lay their hands on the head of the sin offering • Levites given to Aaron and his sons to serve Israel in the tabernacle (8:19)

  22. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Levites sanctified and installed in office (8:1-26) • Moses and Aaron carry out God's instructions (8:20-22) • Atonement made for the Levites • Began to perform their duties • God's instruction on Levite's service (8:23-26) • Begin to work at age 25 • Retire at age 50 but may assist

  23. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • Celebration of the first annual Passover (9:1-14) • Date: First month, second year, fourteenth day • Numbers began on the second month, 1st day, 2nd year (Num. 1:1) • Numbering probably took place after the Passover celebration • Exodus ends with setting up of tabernacle on 1st month, 1st day, 2nd year (Ex. 40:2, 17) • Cloud lifted 20th day, 2nd month, second year (10:11). • God instructs the Israelites to keep the Passover (9:1-3) • People observe the Passover (9:4-14) • Question about observing when unclean (9:6-8) • God instructs they may observe it (9:9-14) • Those who are clean and do not will be cut off • Aliens can observe it when living with the Jews

  24. Book of Numbers – Leaving Sinai • God’s guidance for the Israelites (9:15-10:10) • Cloud that covered the tabernacle (9:15-23) • Fire by night • When it moved they moved • Two silver trumpets made by God's instruction (10:1-10) • Two blown they all are to gather at the tabernacle • One - leaders only • Blow an alarm • Priestly sons of Aaron will blow the trumpets • At the feasts and first day of the month

  25. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • March begins (10:11-36) • Date: 2nd year, 2nd month, 20th day (10:11-12) • March begins in order God had given (10:13-28) • Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Gershon – tabernacle, Merari – tabernacle, Reuben, Simeon, Gad, Kohathites – tabernacle, Ephraim, Manasseh, Benjamin, Dan, Asher, Naphtali • Invitation to Hobab, son of Reuel, to join them (10:29-32) • Could serve as a guide (31) • Turned it down to stay with his family • Journey begins (10:33-36) • Moses song

  26. Introduction to the Book of Numbers Negev

  27. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • Complaints and murmuring of the people (11:1-35) • Num. 33 records 20 stops between Sinai and Kadesh-barnea • Only three are narrated • Complaint at Taberah (burning) (11:1-3) • Complaint about hardship • Some on the fringe of camp killed by fire (lightening) • Moses prayed and the fire died out • Murmuring about lack of meat (11:4-9) • Manna not enough • Manna described (11:7-9)

  28. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • Complaints and murmuring of the people (11:1-35) • Moses complains about the burden of taking care of the people (11:10-15) • Moses suggests God put him out of his misery (15) • God's answers to Moses problems (11:16-32) • Chose 70 men to serve as leaders to hear cases • God will put His spirit on them like He did with Moses • God gave meat to the people in the form of quails (11:19-20) • Moses finds the seventy men and God's spirit come on them • Prophesied once but not again • Two who did not come to the meeting prophesied showing Gods power and choice of leaders • Plague sent by God on the greedy (11:33-35)

  29. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • Challenge to Moses by Miriam & Aaron (12:1-16) • Miriam behind rebellion at KibrothHattaavah (12:1-2) • Aaron criticized Moses for his Cushite wife – Ethiopian • Midian is mention in relation to Cush (Hab. 3:7) • Zipporah - Cushite or had died and had a new wife • She encouraged Aaron to question Moses authority • Looking for positions of greater power • Moses's humility noted (12:3) • God points out to Aaron and Miriam that Moses is special even among prophets (12:4-8) • God's speaks to him more direct • They should not speak against Moses

  30. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-14:45) • Rebellion against Moses by Miriam & Aaron (12:1-16) • God makes Miriam leprous (12:9-15) • Cloud lifted and Miriam was leprous • Aaron and Moses both ask God to remove it • God leaves her that way for seven days • Israelites move on and camp in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh (12:16)

  31. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea(10:11-14:45) • Rebellion Great rebellion at Kadesh (13:1-14:45) • Spies sent out and their report (13:1-33) • Spies selected from each tribe (13:1-16) • Instructions on what to look for (13:17-24) • What the land is like • What the people are like • Fortifications of the cities • What kind of produce • Spies report (13:25-29) • Took 40 days • Land flows with milk and honey as God said • People are powerful and large • Cities are well fortified

  32. Book of Numbers – KadeshBarnea The twelve scouts route for exploring the promised land.

  33. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea(10:11-14:45) • Rebellion Great rebellion at Kadesh (13:1-14:45) • Spies decision (13:30-33) • Caleb and Joshua say they can take the land because God has given it to them • Joshua's other name is Hoshea (13:16) • Other ten say the people are too powerful for the Israelites • Israelites rebel against God and His response (14:1-45) • Israelites want to appoint leaders to lead them back to Egypt (14:1-4) • Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and Caleb encourage them not to rebel against God who has given the land to them (14:5-10) • Israelites want to stone them • They will not listen to Moses and the others

  34. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea(10:11-14:45) • Rebellion Great rebellion at Kadesh (13:1-14:45) • God's response to the rebellion (14:11-12) • God notes their unbelief after all the signs he has performed since they left Egypt (11) • God notes he can destroy them and make a great nation from Moses (12) • Moses's defense of the Israelites (14:13-19) • God wouldn't want the Egyptians to think God only freed them to let them die in the wilderness. • Ask God to continue to show His loving kindness and patience He has shown the whole journey (18-19)

  35. Book of Numbers – Sinai to Kadesh • Travel from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea(10:11-14:45) • Rebellion Great rebellion at Kadesh (13:1-14:45) • God's decision (14:20-38) • Pardoned them (20-21) • Tested God ten times - The current generation will not see the promised land because they have tested God • Those 20 and older will not enter • Joshua and Caleb would enter the promised land (24, 30) • They would depart tomorrow for the wilderness (25) • Wander forty years (a remaining 38 years) - one year for every day of spying (34) • Remind them of their rebellion • The ten spies are struck down by a plaque (14:36-38) • Israelites response (14:39-45) • Asked God's forgiveness (39-40) • Tried to conquer the land on their own and were defeated (41ff)

  36. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Instructions for sacrifices and keeping the commandments (15:1-41) • Sacrifices (15:1-21) • Burnt offerings • Offerings for vows • Freewill offerings • Grain offering • Offering of the first of their meal • Note: v. 16 - law is for Jews and those who live with them even if they are not Jews

  37. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Instructions upon entering the land for sacrifices and keeping the commandments (15:1-41) • Transgression of commandments (15:22-36) • Unintentional breaking of the commandments and the offering (22-31) • Penalty for a "high handed" sin was to be cut off from the people (30) • Man collecting firewood on the Sabbath (15:32-36) • Knowingly committed a "high handed" sin • God gave the verdict of death • Tassels on the clothes to remember the commandments (15:37-41)

  38. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Rebellion of Korah (16:1-50) • Rebellion against Moses and Aaron's leadership (16:1-14) • Occurs during Israelites wandering in the wilderness • Probably wanting the high priest positions (10) • Claimed all Israelites were holy (3) • Korah was the grandson of Kohath (1) • Moses tells them they should be happy with their roles as Levites

  39. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Rebellion of Korah (16:1-50) • Rebellion against Moses and Aaron's leadership (16:1-14) • Rebels • Korah from tribe of Levi • Dathan from tribe of Ruben • Abiram from tribe of Ruben • Joined by 250 princes • Moses falls on his face and tells them tomorrow God will show them who is holy (16:3-5) • Complaint about dying in the wilderness (12-14) • Dathan and Abiram refuse Moses' summons to come up before the Lord • They are upset with being in the wilderness still

  40. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Rebellion of Korah (16:1-50) • Punishment of the rebels (16:15-40) • Decision by God on who was the rightful high priest family was decided by God (16:20-24) • Probably wanted Moses & Aarons positions (16:29) - those who defied God's order were swallowed up, dwellings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram • Fire came out from the tabernacle and killed the 250 that were offering incense • Israelites complain and rebel so God punishes with a plague (16:41-50) • Plague kills 14,700 before Aaron can take a censer and make atonement for their sins and stat between the living and the dead

  41. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • God performs a sign to show His choice of leader (17:1-11) • Staff from each tribal leader engraved with their name • Placed in the tent before the ark • Only Aaron's staff had bloomed

  42. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Laws for the perpetual care of the tabernacle (17:12-18:32) • People fear worship having seen what happened to Korah, Dathan and Abiramswollowed up by the earth, and the plague • Levites would bear the sins for offenses against the tabernacle • People would bear the sins for offenses against the priesthood • The duties of the Levites. • Offering belonging to the priests • Levite's receive a tithe for their income • Levite's give a tithe of the tithe

  43. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Water of purification for uncleaness (19:1-22) • Cleansing from contact with death • Different from Num. 5 which dealt with wilderness stage. • This looks toward the settlement time, a perpetual statute (19:21)

  44. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • Water of purification for uncleanness (19:1-22) • Red heifer slaughtered outside of camp and burned to ashes under the supervision of the high priest • Sprinkle blood toward the entrance of the sanctuary • The supervising priest and helpers were made unclean by this so had to wash their clothes and themselves and were unclean till morning • Ashes add to clean water for cleansing ceremony • People were unclean for seven days after coming in contact with a corpse. • The water was sprinkled twice, on the 3rd day & 7th day • Sprinkled on the tent and the furnishings • There is no record uses of this in the Old Testament • See Heb. 9:11-13 to see a parallels drawn to Jesus blood

  45. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • To Canaan after wilderness wandering (20:1-21:35) • Probably first month of fortieth year (year not stated) • Death of Miriam (20:1) • Moses strikes the rock (20:2-13) • Moses disobeys God by not speaking to the rock • Punishment is not to enter Canaan • Edom's refusal of passage (20:14-21) • Promise to stay on the highway • Pay for anything the cattle eat or drink • Still Edom refuses

  46. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • To Canaan after wilderness wandering (20:1-21:35) • Death of Aaron (20:22-29) • God tells Moses to take Aaron and Elazar on Mount Hor • Eleazer is given the high priestly robes • Aaron dies and is buried there • People morn Aarons death for 30 days • Occurred in the 40th year, 5th month, 1st day (Num. 33:38) • Attack on the Israelites by Canaanite king (21:1-3) • King Arad defeated by the Israelites in the Negev • If they win they promise to destroy all their cities

  47. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 Mount Hor

  48. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • To Canaan after wilderness wandering (20:1-21:35) • Journey to the plains of Moab (21:4-35) • Detour around Edom (21:4-20) • To the red sea and east around Edom • People complain about the hardship • People complain about the hardship • After all the provisions and miracles God provided the people grumble again • Poisonous snakes attack them as punishment • People repent of their sin and rebellion in trusting God • Bronze snake setup for people to look on to not die

  49. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab From Kadesh-Barnea to Moab as the Israelites prepare to enter the Promised Land

  50. Book of Numbers – Kadesh to Moab15:1-21:35 • To Canaan after wilderness wandering (20:1-21:35) • Two battles (21:21-35) • Battle with the Sihon, Amorite king. • After by-passing Edom they camp at the border of Moab • The Arnon River, Moab had been taken by the Amorites • Ask permission to pass through on the king's highway. • Sihon attacks them • Israel defeats them • Ancient Amorite poem appropriated to commemorate their victory (21:27-30) • This was the first major victory against a organized state. • Battle with Og for the region of Baashan • Og defeated also to Edrei

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