Chapter 13

1. Chapter 13 Plant Processes

2. Section 1: Objectives • Describe photosynthesis. • Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration. • Describe how gas is exchanged in the leaves of plants. • Describe two ways in which photosynthesis is important.

3. Capturing Light Energy • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. • Chlorophyll is a green pigment that captures light energy by photosynthesis. • Chlorophyll is located in structures called grana. • Granaare stacks that are found in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

4. Chloroplast Structure

5. Photosynthesis

6. Capturing Light Energy • The light energy captured by chlorophyll is used to help form glucose molecules. • Glucose molecules store energy. • Plants use this energy for their life processes. • Cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

7. Gas Exchange • Photosynthesis provides the oxygen that plants, animals, and most other organisms need for cellular respiration. • Stomata(singular, stoma) are openings in a leaf or stem that enable gas exchange to occur. • Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata.

8. Section 2: Objectives • Describe pollination and fertilization in flowering plants. • Explainhow fruits and seeds are formed from flowers.

9. Fertilization • Pollinationhappens when pollen is moved from anthers to stigmas. Pollen contains sperm. • Fertilization happens when a sperm fuses with the egg in the ovule. • After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed. • The ovary around the ovule becomes a fruit, which protects the seed.

10. Pollination and Fertilization

11. Seed Production

12. Germination Of A Seed