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Protocol Architectures

Explore the concept of Protocol Architecture as a model for understanding complex data communications, utilizing examples like the OSI 7-Layer Model and TCP/IP. Learn the benefits of modular approaches, three-layer models, and the significance of standardized protocol architectures.

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Protocol Architectures

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  1. Protocol Architectures

  2. Simple Protocol Architecture • Not an actual architecture, but a model for how they work • Similar to “pseudocode,” used for teaching programming • Once we understand the building blocks, we can look at specific examples • Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 7-Layer Model • TCP/IP

  3. Why Use Protocol Architecture? • Data communications requires complex procedures • Sender identifies data path/receiver • Systems negotiate preparedness • Applications negotiate preparedness • Translation of file formats • For all tasks to occur, high level of cooperation is required

  4. Modular Approach • Break tasks into subtasks • Each module handles specific subset of tasks • Communication occurs • between different modules on the same system • between similar modules on different systems

  5. Simple Modular Example • File transfer facility • Three modules • File transfer module could handle translation and inter-application communication • Communication service module could handle negotiation of preparedness, data flow • Network access module could handle data path

  6. Advantages of Modularity • Easier application development • Network can change without all programs being modified

  7. Three-Layer Model • Distributed data communications involves three primary components: • Applications • Computers • Networks • Three corresponding layers • Network access layer • Transport layer • Application layer

  8. Network Access Layer • Concerned with exchange of data between computer and network • Includes addressing, routing, prioritizing, etc • Different networks require different software at this layer

  9. Transport Layer • Concerned with reliable transfer of information between applications • Independent of the nature of the application • Includes aspects like flow control and error checking

  10. Application Layer • Logic needed to support various applications • Each type of application (file transfer, remote access) requires different software on this layer

  11. Addressing • Each computer on a network requires a unique address on that network • Each application on the computer must have a unique address within the computer to allow the transport layer to support multiple applications • Data units must include network and application addresses

  12. Standardized Protocol Architectures • Vendors like standards because they make their products more marketable • Customers like standards because they enable products from different vendors to interoperate • Two protocol standards are well-known: • TCP/IP: widely implemented • OSI: well-known, less used, still useful for modeling/conceptualizing

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