王夏夏 徐晓雅 姚永云 张敏 赵培培

2. 王夏夏徐晓雅姚永云张敏赵培培

3. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Born 30 November 1667 Dublin, Ireland Died 19 October 1745 (aged 77)Ireland Pen name M.B. Drapier, Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaf fOccupation Satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet, priest Language English Alma mater Trinity College, Dublin Notable work Gulliver's TravelsA Modest ProposalA Tale of a TubDrapier's Letters

4. Biography Jonathan Swift, son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift the elder, was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there in the care of his uncle before attending Trinity College at the age of fourteen, where he stayed for seven years, graduating in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple, an English politician and member of the Whig party. In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson. He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to become the chaplain of the earl伯爵爵位of Berkeley伯克利(美国加利福尼亚州西部城市).

5. Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires . on the political and religious corruption surrounding him, working on A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books. He also wrote a number of politicalpamphlets in favor of Whig party.

6. In 1709 he went to London to campaign  for the Irish church but was unsuccessful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegianceto the church, he became a member of the more conservative  Tory party in 1710. Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift, who had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England, instead returned to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s

7. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope. Late in life, Swift seemed to many observers to become even more caustic and bitter than he had been. Three years before his death, he was declared unable to care for himself, and guardians were appointed. On October 19, 1745, Swift died

8. Main works 1. Gulliver‘s Travels 《格列佛游记》（1726） ( His greatest satiric work) 2. The Battle of the Books 《书籍之战》（1697） 3. Tale of a Tub 《一只桶的故事》（1697） 4. A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》（1729） 5. Journal to Stella 《斯特拉日记》（1710-1713） 　 6. The Drapier's Letter《布商的信》（1724）

9. Swift's style • Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. • Swift himself defines a good style as “Proper words in proper places”

10. Language • His language is always simple, clear, vigorous and concise. There are no ornaments in his writing, but it comes home to the reader. • 1.Clear, simple and concrete diction • 2. Uncomplicated sentence structure • 3. Economy and conciseness of language

11. Satire • Swift is a master satirist, and his irony is deadly. But his satire is masked by an outward gravity, and an apparent calmness conceals his bitter irony. • In his writing, he uses all kinds of techniques of satire, such as direct attack, indirect attack, irony and so on. This makes his satire all the more powerul, as shown in his “Modest proposal”(The best model of satire in English history).

12. Gulliver's Travels By Jonathan Swift (乔纳森.斯威夫特)

13. Background information In Britain of the 18th century, farmer’s living standard got worse and worse ,so they resisted the noble enclosure movement. The internal contradiction of the ruling class was fierce. The contradiction between the mother country and colony becameIncreasingly contentious.

14. 1.In short, factionalism was serious; political corruption was common. 2.Meanwhile, the business was prosperous; its oversea trade developed well. 3.Britain enlarged its foreign colonial expansion. 4.The material desire of the british people inflated.

15. Title Gulliver makes our deep-sea voyages, which are described in the four parts of the book. 小人国 大人国 慧马国 飞岛国

16. First voyage---Lilliput On the very first voyage, Gulliver is shipwrecked.Of all the ship’s crew，he survives. He swims to the shore of a strange land, inhabited by Lilliputians, the tallest of whom is just six inches high.

17. "When bending my eyes downward as much as I could, I perceived a human not six inches high!"

18. The king of lilliput

19. Little by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighbouring state of Blefuseu.

20. Second voyage---Brobdingnag Gulliver finally escapes Lilliput and returns briefly to England before a second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag. While on shore, Gulliver is captured by giants, each of whom is the size of a water-tower.

21. On the whole, the Brobdingnagians are good-natured creatures, and they treat Gulliver kindly, though they are amused by his tiny size and looked upon him as a plaything.

23. Compare with Lilliput, the Brobdingnagians have an enlightened monarch（开明的君主）. She often interrogates（询问） Gulliver on European affairs.

24. Gulliver abruptly departs Brobdingnag when a giant eagle flies off with him and drops him in the ocean.

25. Third voyage---Laputa He soon embarks on his third voyage to the flying island of Laputa.

26. Laputa is a mysterious land inhabited by scientists, magicians, and sorcerers（男巫） who engage in ridiculous experiment.

27. Final voyage---Houyhnhnm Once again Gulliver returns to England before a final journey, to the land of the Houyhnhnm

28. Houyhnhnms are a superior race of intelligent horses .In the country, they are ruling class. yahoo(野胡) ,a vile(极坏的) and depraved（堕落的） race of ape-like creatures, is the ruled class.

29. Gulliver is eventually exiled from Houyhnhnm society when the horses gently insist that Gulliver must return to live among his own kind. After this fourth and final voyage, he returns to England, where he has great difficulty adjusting to everyday life. All people everywhere remind him of the Yahoos.

30. Major themes The first and second voyage has been interpreted as an allegorical satire of the political events of the early eighteenth century, a commentary on the moral state of England. touching upon the political, religious, legal, military, scientific, philosophical as well as literary institutions, about almost every aspect of the society The war with the tiny neighboring island represents England‘s rivalry between Whigs（辉格党） and Tories（托利派）.

31. The voyage to Laputais a scathing（尖刻的） attack upon science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and reveals Swift‘s contempt and disdain for abstract theory and ideology（思想） that is not of practical service to human.

32. The final voyage reveals Swift‘s ultimate satiric object—man’s inability to come to terms with his true nature. The Yahoos as a satiric representation of debased(品质恶劣的) humanity, while taking the Houyhnhnms as representatives of Swift‘s ideals of rationality and order.

33. Swift is one of the greatest writers of satiric prose. No reader of his can escape being impressed by the great simplicity, directness and vigor of his style. • Seldom is there ornament or singularity of any kind. His simplicities, more often than not, as a camouflage for insidious intentions, for big serious matters,, and an outward earnestness, simplicity, innocence and an apparently cold impartial tone render his satire all the more powerful and effective.

34. Political attitude • Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm. He had many friends in the literary circle and was also admired and loved by many of the distinguished men of his time. A man with a bitter life experience, he had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors and a deep sympathy for all the poor and oppressed.

35. Literary Position and influence • Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. • Swift is a master satirist. • Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm.

36. Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of a style. ---Jonathan swift

37. Thank you!