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Statistics 300: Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Statistics 300: Introduction to Probability and Statistics. Section 2-2. Chapters 2 and 3. Describing data Exploring data Comparing data. Describe or Infer?. Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics. Descriptive Statistics.

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Statistics 300: Introduction to Probability and Statistics

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  1. Statistics 300:Introduction to Probability and Statistics Section 2-2

  2. Chapters 2 and 3 • Describing data • Exploring data • Comparing data

  3. Describe or Infer? • Descriptive statistics • Inferential statistics

  4. Descriptive Statistics • Describe characteristics of (statistics) data samples as they are without extending their meaning beyond the data sample • Chapters 2 through 6

  5. Inferential Statistics • Based on a sample or multiple samples, make inferences (judgments) about the population(s) from which the sample(s) came. • Chapters 7 through 12

  6. Descriptive Statistics • Distribution • Center • Variation • Position

  7. Distribution • How are the data spread out? • Where are data plentiful? • Where are data rarely found?

  8. Distribution • Frequency tables • Pictures

  9. Frequency Tables • Identify categories for the data • Nominal categories or • Interval categories • Count the number of observations in each category

  10. Frequency TablesInterval Categories • Class Limits • Class Midpoints • Class Boundaries

  11. Class Limits • Convenient values representing the range of values in a class • Lower class limit • Upper class limit

  12. Class Midpoints • Values that are midway between the lower and upper class limits of each class • To compute, average the two class limits

  13. Class Boundaries • Values that truly separate one class from the next • To compute: average the upper class boundary and the following lower class boundary

  14. Frequency Tables • Frequency • Relative frequency • Cumulative frequency • Cumulative relative frequency

  15. Frequency • Count of the observations that belong to each class

  16. Relative Frequency • Frequency divided by the total number of observations

  17. Cumulative Frequency • Sum of the frequencies in the first class through the current class

  18. Cumulative Relative Frequency • Sum of the relative frequencies in the first class through the current class

  19. Distribution • Frequency tables • Pictures

  20. Pictures • Histograms and Bar Charts • Pareto Charts • Pie Charts

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