RATIONALIZATION

1. RATIONALIZATION Module 1 (Organic Chem, Inorganic Chem, Medicinal Chem)

2. 1. It is the only unicyclic Antidepressant: • Lexapro -escitalopram • Prozac - fluoxetine • Wellbutrin - bupropion • Remeron – mirtazapine -tetracyclic

3. Thenard’s blue Reaction from: Aluminum heated in Sodium carbonate in Cobalt nitrate soln 2. The ion that gives positive result to Thenard’s Test causes: • Reye’s syndrome - • Minamata diseases - • Wilson’s disease - • Shaver’s disease - aspirin mercury copper aluminum

4. 3. A fourth generation Cephalosporin: • Axera – cefepime • Rocephin – ceftriaxone • Zinacef – cefuroxime • Monowel – cefoxitin -3rd -2nd

5. 4. A rule that states that when stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve stress: • Law of Conservation of Mass • Law of Definite Proportion • Law of Mass Action • Le Chatelier’s Principle

6. 5. This element is present in Insulin: • Co • Zn • Mg • Fe • NOTA

7. 6. It is administered in an ice-cold condition to lessen its disagreeable bitter taste; parenterally used as an anti convulsant: • Glauber’ssalt • Rochelle salt • Epsom salt • Purgative lemonade - Hydrated sodium sulfate - Potassium Sodium Tartrate / Seignette’s salt - Mg sulfate

8. 7. The ion that gives a purple solution with Sodium bismuthate: • Cobalt • Ferrous • Manganese • Ferric

9. 8. The sum of the number of protons & neutron: • Mass number • Atomic weight - average mass of atoms of an element • Isotope - atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons • Atomic number - # of protons present in nucleus

10. Q#49 9. Principle which states that it is impossible to accurately determine simultaneously the position & motion of an electron: • Pauli’s exclusion principle • Aufbau principle • Heisenberg principle • NOTA The Aufbau (building up) Principle: an orbital cannot take more than 2 electrons.

11. Proton donor 10. Acids have the following properties except: • pH below 7 • acceptor of protons • neutralizes base • Sour taste

12. 11. Which of the ff is/are considered slow acetylators: • Eskimos • Egyptians • Filipinos • Mediterranean Jews • III only • I and II only • III and IV only • II and IV only • I and III only Eskimos and Orientals are rapid acetylators

13. 12. Which of the ff is/are parent drug/s? • Digitoxin • Hydrocortisone • Primidone • Propranolol • I and II only • III and IV only • I, II and IV only • I, III, and IV only • AOTA Active metabolite of cortisone Biotransformed by ketone reduction

14. 13. An agent that prevents infection by the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms when applied to inanimate objects: • Antiseptic • Disinfectant • Antibiotic • Sanitizer • Pesticide -living organisms

15. 14. A dye used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning: • Malachite green • Methylene blue • Phenolphthalein • Gentian violet • NOTA It promotes conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which because of its high affinity for cyanide ion diverts it from inactivating Cytochrome C

16. 15. The antibiotic that binds with Ribosome 30s subunit: • Chloramphenicol • Tetracycline • Erythromycin • Lincomycin • Penicillin 50S M-acrolide C-hloramphenicol C-lindamycin 30S A-minoglycosides T-etracycline

17. 16. Structure of the penicillin molecule shows it to contain a fused ring system which is the: • β – lactamthiazolidine structure • β – lactampenam structure • 6 – Aminopenicillinanic acid • β – lactamphenylpenicillin ring • β – lactamalkylamino ethyl ring

18. 17. Tienam is a combination of: • Piperacillin • Cilastatin • Tazobactam • Imipenem • II and IV • I and II • I and IV • II and III • I and III

19. 18. Vigocid is a combination of: • Piperacillin • Cilastatin • Tazobactam • Imipenem • II and IV • I and II • I and IV • II and III • I and III

20. 19. The 1st aminoglycoside antibiotic to be used in chemotherapy: • Amikacin • Gentamicin • Streptomycin • Kanamycin • Neomycin

21. 20. It is used primarily for treating polycythemia vera: • Hexamethylamine • Asparaginase • Tamoxifen • Pipobroman • Hydroxyurea

22. 21. Diamox is: • Methazolamide • Dichlorphenamide • Amoxicillin • Hydrochlorothiazide • Acetazolamide

23. 22. The major adverse effect of Midamor: • Hypokalemia • Hyponatremia • Hypocalcemia • Hyperkalemia • Hypomagnesemia Amiloride (K-sparing diuretic)

24. Q#91(same) 23. The major source of histamine in the body results from the decarboxylation of this amino acid: • Tryptophan • Histidine • Tyrosine • Phenylalanine • Arginine Serotonin Dopa-->NE/Epi

25. 24. A class of antibiotics that contain a macrocyclic ring bridged across two nonadjacent positions of an aromatic nucleus and called ansamycins: • Cephalosporins • Macrolides • Penicillins • Rifamycins • Aminoglycosides

26. 25. Which of the following is/are side effect/s of dactinomycin? • Alopecia • Bone marrow depression • Nausea and vomiting • I, II and III • I and II • II and III • I only • III only

27. 26. A semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin which in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is the first choice treatment for small-cell lung cancer: • Vinblastine • Vincristine • Doxorubicin • Daunorubicin • Etoposide Effective alone or in combination w/ other agents for refractory testicular tumors, acute nonlymphocyticleukemia, Hodgkin’s dse, Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma

28. 27. Which of the following is/are brand name/s of Ibuprofen: • Tylenol • Advil • Siverol • I only • II only • I and II only • AOTA • I and III acetaminophen tramadol

29. 28. Possesses the antitussive properties of codeine, without the analgesic, additive, central depressant, and constipating features: • Levopropoxyphene • Noscapine • Dextromethorphan • Caramiphen • Benzonatate 10 mg dextro = 15mg dose of codeine in antitussive effect

30. 29. This is entitled when a neutron converts to a proton: • Positron • Negatron • Gamma rays • Alpha rays - Proton  neutron

31. 30. This describes the relative position of an energy level with respect to the other energy levels present: • Principle quantum number • Magnetic spin quantum number • Subquantum number (l) • Magnetic quantum number (m l) B. Is the magnetic component contributed by the spin of the electrons C. l describes the different electron distribution for a given n D. The magnetic contribution of angular momentum due to movement of electron in space.

32. 31. This is a chronic condition resembling tuberculosis in symptom: • Silicosis • Parakeratosis • Itai-Itai disease • Minamata disease It develops after long exposure (7 yrs or more) to respirable dust (Silica particles)

33. Q#54 32. Same molecular formula but different order of atomic linkages • Functional isomer • Constitutional isomer • Enantiomers • Diastereomers

34. Q#97 33. Cobalt meta-aluminate is: • Rinman’s green • Azure crystals • Thenard’s blue • Emerald blue crystals Rinman’s green aka “Cobalt green” Reaction from: Zinc + cobalt nitrate Thenard’s blue aka “Cobalt blue” Reaction from: Aluminum heated in Sodium carbonate in Cobalt nitrate soln.

35. 34. This metals exhibit autocomplexation: • Noble metals • Volatile metals • Coinage metals • Alkaline earth metals Group II-B ( Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury)

36. 35. Among the acids of halogens, which is considered to be the most acidic? • HBr • HI • HF • HCl HI>HBr>HCl>HF (decreasing acidity) Ionic property is inversely proportional to acidity

37. 36. An alloy composed of 50% tin and 50% lead: • Pewter • Solder • Gun metal • Rose metal Pewter: 80% Tin & 20% Lead Gun Metal: 10% Tin & 90% Copper Rose Metal: 25% Tin, 25% Lead & 50% Bismuth

38. 37. Vleminckx’s solution is prepared by boiling sublimed sulphur and: • Lime • a & d • calcium Carbonate • Calcium oxide “Flowers of sulfur”

39. 3x to lumabas sa boards ko! 38. Type of sulphur used in Vleminckx’s solution: • Precipitated sulphur • Lac sulphur • Sublimed sulphur • NOTA used for scabies

40. 39. Which of the following has the highest boiling point: • Decane • Pentane • Hexane • Butane more carbon-carbon linkages, the more bonds to break, the higher the boiling point.

41. Methamphetamine “shabu” 40. “Speed” is a ____________ form of Amphetamine: • Formylated • Acetylated • Butylated • Methylated

42. 41. Potassium added in glass: • Increases the refractive index of the glass • Makes the glass amber and light resistant • Reduces the coefficient of expansion • AOTA -borates

43. 42. Produces a bluish green flame through a cobalt glass: • Sodium • Barium • Strontium • Calcium Through cobalt glass: Barium – bluish green Sodium – Nil(pale green) Potassium – crimson Calcium – light green Strontium – purple

44. 43. To prepare White Lotion USP, sulfurated potash is added to: • Zinc sulfide • Zinc oxide • Zinc sulfate • NOTA used as Astringent/ Protective

45. Q#45 44. It is a measure of the energy required to remove an electron by overcoming the attractive forces of the nucleus: • Electron affinity • Electronegativity • Ionization potential • NOTA

46. 45. It is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons in itself: • Electron affinity • Electronegativity • Ionization potential • NOTA Measures how strongly the atom attracts ADDITIONAL electrons Measures how strongly the atom holds to its electrons

47. 46. Purest native form of uncombined carbon: • Diamond • Graphite • Lamp black • Coal

48. 47. The unit of radiation damage used in medicine: • Rem • RBE • Sievert • Rad Relative Biological Effectiveness of the radiation SI unit for effective dosage; 1 sv=100 rem

49. 48. Employed as systemic acidifier: • Sodium bicarbonate • Ammonium chloride • Calcium chloride • b and c

50. 49. It states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers: • Heisenberg uncertainty principle • Aufbau principle • Pauli’s exclusion principle • a and b