“Lost” Colony of Roanoke

1. “Lost” Colony of Roanoke Chapter 3

2. England wants a colony! • In the late 1500s, England wanted to start a colony in the new world. • Sir Humphrey Gilbert received a patent or royal permission. • He failed and drowned at sea in 1583.

3. Sir Walter Raleigh • Paid for an expedition that landed in present-day Virginia and North Carolina. • He names it all Virginia. • 1585 founded the colony of Roanoke • 1586 Francis Drake offered to take settlers home to England

4. John White • Resettled Roanoke colony in 1587 • He returned to England and did not come back until 1590 • Colony’s buildings were standing but deserted • CROATOAN • Virginia Dare first white child born in America, Whites granddaughter

5. Possibilities • Taken captive by the Spanish • Walked in search of food (Migrated) • Could they be people of another clan in Sneedville? • What do you think happened to them?

6. Are we there yet? Finally, to the new world! http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in-jamestown

7. Jamestown • First permanent settlement in the new world is present day Virginia sponsored by London Company, a joint stock • What do you think it would be like? • What challenges do you think they faced?

8. Men had no farming experience • Mosquitoes carried diseases • 2/3 of the colonists died by winter • Rings in trees indicate a drought occurred

9. What about help? • John Smith took over control of the colony and made friends with Powhatan Indians. • Powhatans brought food and supplies and taught them to grow corn. • Winter was called starving time.

10. Pocahontas/Matoaka • John Rolfe taught the colonists to grow tobacco • Married • She died after three visits while visiting him in England • Thomas Dale took over colony after John Smith died

11. Disney said it best!

12. Why did this not work? • Colonists killed a Powhatan causing them to be attacked for the next 20 years • London Company would no longer sponsor the charter • Colonists were ruled by a governor appointed by the king

13. Daily Life in Virginia • Scattered farms rather than towns • Plantations were built • Headright system enabled a colonist to earn their way to Virginia and 50 acres of land • An additional 50 acres could be earned for every person brought from England

14. What was life like? • Life was hard • Diseases such as malaria • Men outnumbered women seven to one • No schools and few churches • Made everything by hand

15. Indentured Servants • High death rates lead to labor shortages • An indentured servant would sign a contract to work from four to seven years in exchange for passage to the new world • First Africans came to America in 1619 on a Dutch ship • Some indentured some slaved

16. Planters • Wealthy farmers with large plantations • By 1600 most Africans in Virginia were being forced into slavery • Made plantations owners very wealthy at the expense of life

17. Bacon’s Rebellion • Mid 1600s many colonists were unhappy with the tight control in Virginia by England • Complained about higher taxes and lack of available farmland • Illegally farmed Indian land ignoring all treaties

18. Nathaniel Bacon lead an attack by some former indentured servants on peaceful American Indians • When the governor tried to stop Bacon his followers burned Jamestown • Bacon died of a fever ending the rebellion

19. The Pilgrim’s Experience • King James I created religion tension in England forcing the people to seek religious freedom in the new world. • “I will make them conform themselves (become Anglicans) or I will harry (drive) them out of this land.”

20. Puritans • Wanted to purify the Church of England • Thought bishops and priests had too much power over church members • Separatists formed their own churches and cut all ties with the Church of England

21. Pilgrims • To escape religious persecution they left England and became immigrants • Happy to be practicing their own faith • Netherlands • First became Dutch immigrants (12 years)

22. Low paying, menial jobs • Unhappy their children were learning Dutch to they left the Netherlands then settled in Virginia

23. Founding of Plymouth • Mayflower left England with more than 100 men, women, and children aboard • 44 were “Saints” rest strangers • William Bradford and Captain Miles Standish were in charge • Two months of rough ocean travel

24. Indentured • A group of English investors, the Merchants Association, sponsored the trip and paid for the supplies; in return, the Pilgrims pledged to work for the association for a period of seven years.

25. Sick, hungry and weary from the long voyage, the Pilgrims landed in the unforgiving edge of southeastern Massachusetts in the present-day town of Plymouth. • Of 18 married women, only three survived

26. Mayflower Compact • Governor William Bradford • 41 of the males onboard the Mayflower signed a legal contract that agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

27. Pilgrims and Indians • Over the winter, half the colony died from cold, disease and starvation. The local Wampanoag tribe showed the Pilgrims how to plant corn, beans and squash. • Squanto walked into the settlement and spoke broken English, offered help • Samoset lived in Europe spoke fluent English

28. The First Thanksgiving • 1621 produced a bountiful harvest and the celebration became Thanksgiving • Actually ate deer • No desserts: supplies were too low • Fish and cornmeal • Used knives and spoons brought from England • 1863 Lincoln declared a national holiday

29. Pilgrim Life • Lots of layers of clothing, actually wore red, green, brown clothes • Only wore black and white on Sundays • Men did NOT wear belts • Children wore gowns • Women wore petticoats

30. Paid taxes with bushels of wheat • Women were not allowed to own land but were often asked for advice • Children had to stand during meals and could not speak