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Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory. 2. Objectives. Describe the file structure used by Active DirectoryDescribe how data is written to the Active Directory databaseDefragment the Active Directory databaseMove the Active Directory database to a different location on disk. Hand
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1. Chapter 9 Active Directory Maintenance And Data Recovery
2. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 2 Objectives Describe the file structure used by Active Directory
Describe how data is written to the Active Directory database
Defragment the Active Directory database
Move the Active Directory database to a different location on disk
3. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 3 Objectives (continued) Back up Active Directory
Recover the Active Directory database and restore it, if necessary, from a backup
Manage which domain controllers (DCs) hold the operations master roles
4. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 4 Active Directory File Structure Active Directory uses a transactional database based on the Extensible Storage Engine (ESE)
A transaction is an addition, modification, or deletion
Database changes are recorded in log files before being made to the database files
A pointer to the last completed transaction is written to a checkpoint file
Rollback is the removal of incomplete transactions in the event of a failure
5. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 5 Active Directory File Structure (continued) The database file, NTDS.DIT, consists of
The schema table
The link table
The data table
EDB.LOG is the current transaction log file
EDB.LOG is rewritten as EDBXXXXX.LOG when full
EDB.CHK is the checkpoint file
RES1.LOG and RES2.LOG are reserve log files
TEMP.EDB is a temporary storage space
6. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 6 Active Directory Files
7. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 7 How Data Is Written to Active Directory The data to be modified is loaded into RAM
The transaction is recorded in EDB.LOG
The transaction is then written to NTDS.DIT
The EDB.CHK file is updated with a new pointer
An object marked for deletion and moved into the Deleted Objects folder creates a tombstone
Backups older than the tombstone lifetime cannot be restored
8. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 8 Defragmenting the Database Fragmentation means that related information is spread out in little chunks
Online defragmentation (garbage collection) purges deleted objects whose tombstone lifetimes have expired without compacting the database
Offline defragmentation is performed to compact the database
9. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 9 Compacting the Active Directory Database
10. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 10 Moving the Active Directory Database Problems can occur if the partition storing Active Directory runs out of space
The location of Active Directory can be selected during installation using dcpromo
To move the database file
Restart the DC in Directory Services Restore Mode
Run Ntdsutil
Use the files command
11. Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory 11 Backing Up Active Directory Active Directory is backed up as part of the system state