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IV. Materials in the atmosphere

IV. Materials in the atmosphere. I. Vocabulary. A. atmosphere- a protective layer of air that surrounds the Earth and supports life B. altitude- height or distance above sea level C. density- the amount of mass in a given amount of a substance

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IV. Materials in the atmosphere

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  1. IV. Materials in the atmosphere

  2. I. Vocabulary • A. atmosphere- a protective layer of air that surrounds the Earth and supports life • B. altitude- height or distance above sea level • C. density- the amount of mass in a given amount of a substance • D. cycle- processes that repeat over and over

  3. II. The atmosphere supports life and protects it A Gases transport energy and keep Earth warm B. Without the atmosphere—no oceans, no life C. Very thin-- if the Earth were a peach, the atmosphere would be the fuzz

  4. III. Characteristics of the atmosphere A As altitude increases, the air gets thinner (less dense) B. So, density of air decreases as you travel upward C. Where jets fly the air contains 1/10 the mass of the air at sea level D. No definite top to the atmosphere, but 300 miles above Earth’s surface is considered outer space E More than 99% of the atmosphere’s mass is in the lowest 20 miles

  5. IV. Materials in the atmosphere A Most materials are gases B. Also contains: dust, sea salt, water droplets C. Breakdown of gases in the air

  6. V. Natural cycles modify the atmosphere • A. The Carbon Cycle • 1. CO2 and O2 constantly circulate, or cycle, among plants, animals and the atmosphere

  7. 2. Examples • a. Animals inhale air, use O2, and exhale air with less O2 and more CO2 and water vapor • b. Plants take in CO2 and release O2 as they make food (photosynthesis

  8. B. The Nitrogen Cycle • 1. Different forms of N2 cycle among the atmosphere, the soil, and living organisms • 2. Examples • a. Tiny organisms remove N2 from the air and turn it into other chemicals, which enter the soil • b. Plants and animals use solids and liquids that contain N2, which returns to the soil when they die or decay • c. Soil slowly releases N2 back into the air as a gas

  9. C. The Water Cycle • 1. Different forms of H2O cycle between Earth’s surface and atmosphere • 2. Examples • a. Liquid H2O from oceans/lakes changes into gas and enters atmosphere • b. Plants release H2O vapor from their leaves • c. Liquid H2O falls from the atmosphere as precipitation

  10. VI. Sudden changes alter the atmosphere • A. Volcanic eruptions • 1. Volcanic gases and ash can be shot into the stratosphere, blocking out sunlight and decreasing temperatures globally for decades

  11. B. Forest fires 1. When trees burn, the C that makes up each tree combines with O2 to form CO2 2. Wood ash also fills the air

  12. C. Dust storms 1. Wind, water, or drought can loosen soil. 2. Powerful windstorms may raise clouds of eroded soil

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