Chapter 9 Section 2

1. Chapter 9 Section 2 The Antislavery Movement

2. Abolitionist Movement • The movement to end slavery

3. Emancipation • Freeing of enslaved people

4. Underground Railroad • A network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaved fleeing north to freedom. • The term railroad referred to paths that African Americans traveled, either on foot or in wagons • Underground means it was secret

5. Gag Rule • This law prohibited antislavery petitions from being read or acted upon in the house of Representatives for the next 8 years.

6. What tactics did the abolitionist movement use to achieve the emancipation of slaves? • Protest • Political action • Publishing • Forming groups and societies • Developing a colonization program (Liberia) • The Underground Railroad

7. Name 4 abolitionist leaders and describe their contributions to the movement.

8. William Lloyd Garrison • Published a newspaper • The Liberator • Denounced moderation • He insisted on aggressively denouncing the institution of slavery • Founded American Antislavery Society

9. Frederick Douglas • Great speaker and writer • Started a newspaper • The North Star • Opposed violence

10. Grimke Sisters • Involved women by speaking and writing pamphlets

11. Harriet Tubman • She herself was an escaped slave • Led many other slaves to freedom • Led more than 300 slaves to freedom • Earned the nickname “black Moses”

12. Why did divisions emerge within the abolitionist movement? • Leaders disagreed over whether or not to employ illegal tactics • Like helping slaves escape • Many male members disagreed over whether or or not to allow women to play prominent roles within the movement

13. What groups resisted the efforts of abolitionists • Northern merchants • Feared souring relations with the South • White workers and labor leaders • Feared job competition • Most southerners • Public officials in the south • Southern mailmen refused to deliver abolitionist literature

14. What types of resistance did they carry out? • Held violent demonstrations • Murdered some abolitionist newspaper editors • Like Elijah P. Lovejoy • Passed the gag rule

15. Describe how geographyaffected the course of the Underground Railroad • Led to safety in Canada • Mississippi River provided a natural escape route north • Swamps of the Atlantic Coast allowed slaves to hide • Appalachian Mountains provided shelter

16. Describe how geography presented challenges to travelers along the routes • Mississippi River was dangerous because slave hunters stalked the riverboat towns • Swamps had dangers like poisonous snakes • Mountains presented barriers