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The DRC’s Civil War (1998-2003)

The DRC’s Civil War (1998-2003). Presidents. 1965-1997 Mobutu 1997-2001 Laurent Kabila 2001-present Joseph Kabila. Causes. Rwandan genocide / Political (pro- vs. anti-Kabila) 1994: Hutus in E. Congo  receive Mobutu’s support 1996: Rwanda invades & wins

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The DRC’s Civil War (1998-2003)

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  1. The DRC’s Civil War (1998-2003)

  2. Presidents 1965-1997 Mobutu 1997-2001 Laurent Kabila 2001-present Joseph Kabila

  3. Causes • Rwandan genocide / Political (pro- vs. anti-Kabila) • 1994: Hutus in E. Congo  receive Mobutu’s support • 1996: Rwanda invades & wins • 1997: Rwanda + Uganda oust Mobutu & install Laurent Kabila • Kabila turns against Rwanda and supports Hutus • 1998: Rwanda starts war vs. Kabila • Economic – control of mineral wealth

  4. Sides

  5. Sides – Africa’s International War

  6. Sides – Countries’ Motives • Angola: • fighting Unita rebels, whose home base was in S. Congo • believed Uganda & Rwanda had ties to Unita • previously fought Mobutu  supported L. Kabila • Zimbabwe: • unclear … said they wanted to support DRC’s legit. gov‘t., but Mugabe may have wanted regional influence and/or mineral wealth • Namibia: family of pres. involved in Congolese mining • Chad: encouraged by France; regain influence in DRC • Libya: $$$; break int’l. isolation • Sudan: minor presence; sent a few transport planes

  7. Sides – Countries’ Motives • Uganda: • destroy Ugandan rebel bases / protect borders (stated reason, but not a great one … these rebels were much less of a threat than Rwanda’s situation) • mineral wealth • Rwanda: • wipe out Hutu genocidaires in E. Congo

  8. Course - Events • 1998: war starts • 1999: failed peace attempt • b/c of mineral wealth • 2001: Laurent Kabila assassinated  Joseph K. takes over • 2003: war ends

  9. Course - Features most fighting in east DRC child soldiers militias / guerilla warfare (vs. organized armies & open battles) less advanced weaponry: machetes, stones, even garden tools

  10. Consequences • new constitution • power-sharing gov’t. • human cost • 3m lives lost • 3.4m refugees in DRC; 2m in neighboring countries • 40,000 cases of rape

  11. Continuing Conflict • 2004: 2 coup attempts • 2008: renewed fighting in east • Rwandan Hutus vs. DRC gov’t. • Laurent Nkunda (Congolese Tutsi) wreaks havoc (against Hutus & DRC gov’t) • 2009: gov’t. invites Rwanda in to fight Hutu militias & arrest Nkunda

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