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Extending Acid/Base Concepts

Acid. Base. Arrhenius (grade 11). Bronsted. Extending Acid/Base Concepts. 1 a) proton, hydronium, H 3 O + b) all release H + : mono = releases 1 H + , poly = more than 1, di = two, tri = three c) Neutralization. 1d), 2a). Produces H + in solution. Produces OH – in solution.

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Extending Acid/Base Concepts

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  1. Acid Base Arrhenius (grade 11) Bronsted Extending Acid/Base Concepts 1 a) proton, hydronium, H3O+ b) all release H+: mono = releases 1 H+, poly = more than 1, di = two, tri = three c) Neutralization 1d), 2a) Produces H+ in solution Produces OH– in solution HCl  H+ + Cl– NaOH  OH– + Na+ H+ donor H+ acceptor HCl+NaOHH2O+NaCl 2 b) i) there is no water/solution, thus aqueous ions do not form (no H+ or OH–)

  2. + H H - H N + H Cl N H H + Cl H H Extending Acid/Base Concepts 2b) ii) diagram as on pg. 418 iii) HCl is an acid because it donates H+, NH3 accepts H+ and therefore is the base (NH4+ and Cl– then form an ionic compound) 3a) Lewis acid: electron pair acceptor Lewis base: electron pair donor 3b) the Lewis definition is universal because Arrhenius and Bronsted are special cases (as above or in reaction on pg. 428)

  3. Extending Acid/Base Concepts 4 a) HCN(l) + H2O  CN–(aq) + H3O+(aq) b) Forward: HCN is acid, H2O is base 4 a) HCN(l) + H2OCN–(aq) + H3O+(aq) c) Reverse: H3O+ is acid, CN– is base d) A conjugate acid-base pair are two substances that differ from each other by just one proton (H+) e) HCN and CN– and H2O and H3O+ are conjugate acid-base pairs See back of textbook for answers to PE 25 – 28, and RE 11.77 For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

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