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Future plans for acoustic/radio detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos and DESY's role

Future plans for acoustic/radio detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos and DESY's role. Rolf Nahnhauer DESY. Future UHE neutrino detection plans. Detected radiation: Optical Cherenkov or fluorescence Radio Cherenkov (coherent) Acoustic waves. Hybrid-Add.?. Target media:

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Future plans for acoustic/radio detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos and DESY's role

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  1. Future plans for acoustic/radio detectionof ultra-high energy neutrinos and DESY's role Rolf Nahnhauer DESY Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  2. Future UHE neutrino detection plans Detected radiation: Optical Cherenkov or fluorescence Radio Cherenkov (coherent) Acoustic waves Hybrid-Add.? Target media: Air: atmosphere Water: oceans, lakes Salt: salt domes Ice: (ant)-arctic glaciers Rock: lunar regolith Permafrost: Siberian river valleys Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  3. The Askaryan Radio Array – ARAa new collaboration is forming Original proposal: Design, build and deploy detector consisting of 37 stations, 5 years.  111(148) holes to be drilled • Revised scope (NSF): • Focus on developing and delivering a complete detector design fully functioning detector stations on the ice. • Design and build hardware for 3 super clusters (9 stations) • Deploy the testbed and 2 stations only (year 2 and 3) Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  4. 1m ~2 - 2.5m ARA MRI scope layout Next season tasks 1: Testbed • Activities 2010/11: • Deploy testbed • Hook up to ICL • Data flow and analysis • Calibration tasks, use with other instruments Final approval from NSF came at 20th of April Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  5. General ideas discussed for South Pole: grid-array cluster-array grid-cluster-array s = 500 m441 sensors c = 1500 m111 sensors all antenna depths = 200 m Grid array: more sensitive at higher energies >1018 eV Cluster array: more sensitive at lower energies < 1018 eV Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  6. Add acoustic sensors to grid array J. Berdermann, M. Carson, R. Nahnhauer,IceCube Internal Note, 2009 8 sensors between 200 m and 300 m use triggered events from radiomc look for additional hits from acoustic sensors Overlap of radio-array with IceCube: less than 1% of corresponding muon tracks cross IceCube volume Number of events with hybrid information per year (with ESS-flux2008 and 10 mPa threshold) For cluster array additional information very small due to big grid compared to acoustic attenuation length Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  7. Detector design: cubic or plane 10000 m 20000 m 10000 m 20000 m D5 D3 - 200 m - 200 m - 400 m - 400 m D2 Toy Monte Carlo (Askaryan)Triangular grid, g = 500 msensors: z = 10 m - 700 m D1 - 1200 m Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  8. Effective volumes for different energies and detector designs : Basic trigger: 5 or more sensors above threshold of 10 mPa  acoustictrigger  radio trigger *) n_string > 1, ***) n_hit > 0  either “small” and deep or “large” and flat Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  9. Sensitivity versus energy Benchmark 1 year, E:1018.5-1019.5 eV, Veff = 50 km3, (ESSmod ): Nev = 1.5 Event number ratios compared to E=1019 : M. Carson Acoustic detector optimal in the real UHE-region > 1018.5 eV Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  10. ARIANNA S. Barwick, NIM A 602 (2009)279 100 x 100 stations ½ terraton location: 150 km from Mc Murdo ice depth: 500-600 m att ~ 300 m (measured) rates (6 month) ESS: 40 eventsFe : a few events ! Prototype stationsdeployed 12/06 +12/09 Detector design would fit excellently to an acoustic addition, if acoustic ice properties are similar to South PoleWould add acoustic sensors in depthbetween 200-400 m, needs drilling got invitation to participate a week ago Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  11. Other possible locations: “Europe” Antarctica: Kohnen stationGermany (summer only) Antarctica: Concordia stationFrench, Italy (all year) Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  12. Permafrost - An Alternative Target Material for Ultra High Energy Neutrino Detection ? R. Nahnhauer, A. Rostovtsev and D. Tosi, NIMA 587(2008)29 The Experts Advice amplitude in permafrost about 10 timeslarger than in water at 25 kHz Research Unit Potsdam: - terrestrial geoscience in the periglacial regions - atmospheric processes in the polar regions During last years several expeditionsto central Yakutia (Lena and Aldan River region) There exist regions with natural permafrost down to 1000 m depth  go for a Test Askaryan Installation for Geology and Astrophysics Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  13. Detector deployment requirements - 100 – x000 strings - in about 5 years (with only a 3-6 month per year available) - string distance 300 - 1500 m - string area 100 - 10000 km2 - string depth 200 - 1200 m - hole diameter 4 - 8 inch robotic or quasi-robotic deployment scheme needed Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  14. immersion heater example sketchesfor ice application make hot water at bottom of the hole make hot water at the surface 10 cm 10 cm water out water out cable cable+hose radio sector acousticsensors melting head Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  15. Advantages: • low energy consumption • industrial mass production of complete string in the North • easy transport of complete string on cable drum • drilling and deployment done with local resources  sparse manpower needed per hole String on cable drum communication Power generator Power generator with ~ 10 platforms  300 holes/season Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  16. Cost and time scale Keeping in mind the necessary size and complexity of an in-matter UHE neutrino detector, costs will be on the 100 Mio Euro scale Most expensive: drilling?, transport of equipment?, radio readout? Acoustic addition is no cost driver Still lot of R&D necessary to build a large detector within reasonable time and cost limits If a powerful collaboration will start to tackle the problems now, full scale detector construction may start beginning of next decade Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  17. DESY’s options in the game Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  18. + AURA Option 1: 1a) Finish IceCube acoustic R&D activities properly - publish SPATS results - finish AAL measurements (water/ice calibration, thermo-acoustic signal strength) - finalize and use low noise detector development (Lausanne) 1b) Join the IceCube radio in-ice R&D activities  goal: measure the radio ice properties in-situ at SP at the same level as for acoustics with SPATS  data from AURA radio clusters available  groups from Wisconsin, Kansas, Maryland… involved  manpower still not sufficient see talk of K. Helbing x necessary DESY resources: ½ FTE , 1PhD over 3 years Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  19. Option 2: 2a) = 1a) Finish IceCube acoustic R&D activities properly 2b) build SPATS II (an acoustic addition to ARA-phase 1, 2011 - 2015) - 2 x 3(4) strings, ~250 m length - 3-4 sensors per string below 200 m, 1 transmitter - low noise sensors - depending on drill tests: eventually own holes - advanced DAQ, triggered event readout - common trigger scheme with radio detector needs engagement of whole IceCube acoustic group necessary DESY resources: 1 FTE , 1PhD over 5 years 1/3 engineer over 2 years ~20 k Euro investment/ year Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  20. Option 3: 3a) = 1a) Finish IceCube acoustic R&D activities properly 3b) accept invitation to join the ARIANNA experiment - exploit quickly the acoustic ice properties at the ROSS ice shelf - optimize the design of an acoustic addition to the array - find acceptable drilling technology - deploy first small string array of low noise detectors - study common trigger scheme with radio modules - … needs engagement of other acoustic groups,interest exists at different sides necessary DESY resources: 1 FTE , 1PhD over 5 years 1/3 engineer over 2 years ~30-50 k Euro investment Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  21. From barwick@HEP.ps.uci.edu Tue Apr 20 18:54:02 2010Date: Tue, 20 Apr 2010 09:53:53 -0700 (PDT)From: steve barwick barwick@HEP.ps.uci.eduTo: nahnhaue@ifh.deSubject: Interest in ARIANNA? Hello Rolf, Although I do not have the official paperwork, it appears thatthe first stage of ARIANNA is going to be approved by NSF (perhaps by the time of the IceCube collaboration meeting). I'd like to explore if you (and/or) other colleagues at DESY would have some interest in participating in the development phase of ARIANNA. I think the physics may be of interest to you, and the ARIANNA approach has received strong endorsement. We could benefit from your experience in both high energy physics and IceCube. DESY Zeuthen has an impressive track record at recognizing and supporting development efforts for promising techniques in neutrino astrophysics, and I believe they will be receptive to ARIANNA once the facts are known. …… Steve Steven W. Barwick, Professor of Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy 4129 PS2 4575 Irvine CA Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  22. Option 4: 4a) = 1a) Finish IceCube acoustic R&D activities properly 4b) Help to start a big European initiative for a large scale UHE neutrino experiment in the next decade (> 2020) needs a complex R&D program for - side selection + logistic - drilling + deployment - power distribution + communication - sensor development + calibration - front end electronics, DAQ + triggering - … needs strong national and international cooperation Germany: Helmholtz - community Europe : Heapnet (?) CONDOR :COSMIC OBSERVATORYFOR NEUTRINO-DETECTIONAND -ORIGIN RESEARCH necessary DESY resources: 1 FTE , 1 Postdoc, 1PhD for next three years, investment tbd Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  23. Which option to choose? effort Option 1:pro : completes study of ice properties necessary to be known to build UHE neutrino detector at SP con : doesn’t help to develop acoustic /(hybrid) technology any further Option 2:pro : next step in development of a hybrid UHE detector at SP, lot of experience from IceCube-phase could be used directly con : present radio detector design not very favorable, not all members of radio detector project are supportive to the idea Option 3:pro : fresh invitation to join the effort, present design seems to fit, logistic much easier (cheaper) than for SP con : reasonable drilling concept has to be found or developed Option 4:pro : much more time for new developments improving quality of project, no NSF restrictions, sustains European radio community, strengthens (interdisciplinary) European networking con : needs a few well-supported project kernels which still don’t exist, is presently not in the focus of European Road Maps Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  24. Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he could do only a little. The public interest demands to do things today, which people with intelligence and good will would like to have been done in five or ten years Edmund Burke (1729 – 1797) Anglo-Irish statesman Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

  25. Not discussed, because inconceivable(to me) after 8 years effort and success DESYacoustic R&D 2002-2010 SPATS Option 0: Finish publications on - attenuation length (on 2008/2009 data) - noise level / transient background - pinger data 2009/2010 necessary DESY resources: ½ FTE , 1year DESYSCIFI R&D 1990-1998 H1-FPSHERA-BL3CosmicFAST Full stop of all UHE neutrino detection R&D activities at DESY at end of 2010 Creates personal déjà-vu Acoustic Review of the DESY PRC

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