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( Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid

Outline the physiological processes that occur during Kreb's cycle (the second stage of the aerobic system) 4 marks . Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic system. 4 marks. ( Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid

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( Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid

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  1. Outline the physiological processes that occur during Kreb's cycle (the second stage of the aerobic system) 4 marks.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic system.4 marks

  2. (Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid produces citric acid hydrogen released/reduction occurs carbon dioxide given off exothermic reaction (that releases energy) to resynthesise 2 A TP Advantages and Disadvantages (Sub max 4) (Advantages) high quantities of A TP are resynthesised (presence of oxygen allows for) full breakdown of glycogen (high levels of oxygen) allow for breakdown of fats fats are the most efficient energy fuel no fatiguing by-products (Disadvantages) time delay (before sufficient oxygen available)/slow process complex series of reactions can only be used at low/medium exercise intensity breakdown of fats requires very large quantities of oxygen 15% more than for the breakdown of glycogen

  3. Physiological Adaptations Of Aerobic Training • Changes take place in the lungs, heart, vascular system, blood and muscles. • Below are the changes. What are the effects? • How much of your adaptations worksheet can you complete? Strengthening respiratory muscles Stroke volume Blood plasma volume Decreased resting heart rate High enzyme activity Lung volume. Red blood cell & haemoglobin Increased number of capillaries Myocardial hypertrophy Mitochondria Myoglobin levels Increased number of slow twitch muscle fibres Greater tidal volume

  4. Describe and explain the neural and physiological changes that occur to skeletal muscle after a period of aerobic weight training. (submax 5) • neural changes) • 23. greater force can be generated during contraction • 24. recruitment of more motor units • 25. improved synchronisation of motor units • 26. inhibition of tension threshold of Golgi tendon organ/autogenic inhibition delayed • 28. improved coordination of antagonistic muscle pairs

  5. (physiological changes) • 30. increased number of muscle fibres available for contraction 31. hyperplasia/muscle fibre splitting 32. increased aerobic capacity of muscle/increased amount of oxygen used in the muscle 33 Increased mitochondria density • 34. increased myoglobin stores • 35. increased glycogen stores • 36. increased capillary density/capillarisation • 38. increase in aerobic enzyme activity • 39. increase in buffering capacity/tolerance to lactic acid/resistance to fatigue/work for longer

  6. Muscular adaptations to strength training. • Factors that determine strength? • Using your table of adaptation explanations decide which of the following explanation goes where: • Hypertrophy & hyperplasia of fast twitch muscle fibres. • Increased stores of ATP & PC • Increased activity of ATP-PC energy system enzymes. • Increased recruitment of motor units. • Enhanced buffering capacity • Increased glycolytic capacity

  7. Paired Questioning • Compare and apply relevant guidelines that need to be considered in order to develop explosive and endurance strength to one strength weight training session. (6).

  8. Explosive Major muscle groups of legs involved Utilise FT muscle fibres. Utilise ATP/PC/alactacid system. Weights: heavy 70-90% of 1RM. Reps: 1-5 Sets: 3-5 Frequency: 3-7 times per week. 1:3 Ratio/full recovery between sets (2-5 mins) Aerobic Major muscle groups of legs involved Utilise ST muscle fibres. Utilise Aerobic energy system. Weights: Moderate 50-75% 1RM Reps: 10+ Sets: Fewer 3 Frequency: Less 3-5 for recovery 1:2 ratio/60 secs recovery Guidelines Of Specificity & Overload

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