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UNIT 1 – area of study 2 Biomechanical movement principles

UNIT 1 – area of study 2 Biomechanical movement principles. PRINCIPLES OF FORCE PRODUCTION. ULTIMATE FRISBEE. The game of Ultimate Frisbee was a challenging one and there were a number of factors that contributed to success within the game:

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UNIT 1 – area of study 2 Biomechanical movement principles

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  1. UNIT 1 – area of study 2Biomechanical movement principles PRINCIPLES OF FORCE PRODUCTION

  2. ULTIMATE FRISBEE • The game of Ultimate Frisbee was a challenging one and there were a number of factors that contributed to success within the game: • Name 3 outside factors that contribute to you achieving success in a game of Ultimate Frisbee? • Answer the following questions in relation to your game of Ultimate Frisbee • What was the most difficult aspect of the game? • Does the size, shape and material of the frisbee affect the flight path? • What other factors affect the flight path of the frisbee? (refer to above question to help you) • How does the angle at which the frisbee is thrown affect its flight? • How is lift force generated in the game of Ultimate Frisbee?

  3. CHAPTER SNAPSHOT

  4. INERTIA # An object will remain in a state of rest or constant motion unless acted upon by a state of force # Inertia is a tendency for a body to resist change in its state of motion # The amount of inertia an object has is directly related to it’s mass. The more massive an object, the greater the force needed to change it’s state of motion.

  5. MASS AND WEIGHT • MASS - Is the amount of matter that makes up an object WEIGHT • Is the measure of gravitational force acting on a body Because the weight of something is usually given in kg they are usually referred to as the same thing. However, weight is a force that is exerted on the body by gravity. Weight can be calculated by multiplying mass x acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s squared) Because weight is a force the units are newtons

  6. FORCES • FORCE – is a push or a pull acting on an object • In sport it is very easy to see when a force is acting • The force of gravity will pull a ball back to the ground after it is thrown • However, the effect of of a force cannot always be seen. • Record where the force is being applied in the following examples • Can you give me an example of a reaction force and explain why it cannot be seen?

  7. EXAMPLES OF FORCE

  8. REACTION FORCE

  9. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION • Newton’s first law – law of inertia • A body will remain at rest or continue in a state of constant motion unless acted upon by an external force • A ball projected into the air will continue in a straight-line path unless acted upon by an external force – Gravity is the external force that acts to bring the ball back to earth. • Can you supply 3 more examples of the Law of Inertia in a sporting situation

  10. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION • Newton’s second law – law of acceleration • A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force. • To put it simply, increased force means increased acceleration, and increased mass means decreased acceleration • This can be calculated in the following way: F = ma • Where F is force (N), m is mass (kg) and a is acceleration (m/s squared)

  11. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION • Newton’s third law – law of action-reaction • For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction • In sporting situations, it is sometimes difficult to see the reaction force. • When a tennis ball is hit, the force applied by the racquet is obvious to see as the ball changes direction and accelerates. The reaction force of the ball on the racquet is more difficult to see. This is because the racquet has a greater mass than the ball and the change in it’s acceleration is very small. • An easier way to see reaction force – medicine ball and a scooter board!!! Have fun!

  12. TYPES OF FORCES • There are a number of different forces that act on the body such as gravity, weight, friction and air and water resistance. In sport , these forces can speed up, slow down or change direction of a ball, bat or body. • What would happen to a ball without gravity?

  13. FRICTION • Friction is a force that occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other. The friction force opposes the motion of an object • In sport it can be good to decrease friction between two surfaces – such as downhill skiing or bobsleigh. • It can also be good to increase the friction between the surfaces. A gymnast or weightlifter will use magnesium chalk to to increase the friction between their hands and body

  14. FRICTION • To start an object moving across a surface, you must first overcome the friction force by applying a greater force • Can you name 2 sports where friction is reduced. Explain the method used. • Can you name 2 sports where you would try to increase friction. Explain the method that is used. • HOT HANDS – how hot can you handle?

  15. AN EXAMPLE OF FRICTION

  16. REVISION QUESTIONS 1. Describe the two ways that a force can affect an object or body : State each of Newton’s three laws and demonstrate your understanding of each law by using a sporting example: Using Newton’s second law of motion, explain why a medicine ball will not move as quickly as a basketball when they are both thrown with the same force: 4. Provide three examples of action and reaction forces in sport:

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