Archetypes

1. Archetypes Our connection to stories

2. What is an Archetype? • An original model after which other things are similarly patterned • An image, story pattern, character type, representation, or recurring idea • It evokes strong associations to the reader or observer • It is derived from the “human condition”

3. What should I look for to identify archetypes? • A shared idea with all humanity • An inherited part of the human being that connects us all • A constant and universal idea • Though it may differ from place to place, the concept is worldwide • These are often the same ideas you look for with a motif

4. What kinds of Archetypes are there? There are three main archetypes: • Situational • Symbolic • Character We will begin with Character archetypes…

5. Character Archetypes • A person or being that serves as a representative of a greater ideal • Characteristics, actions, abilities, or powers contribute to the archetype characterization • There are many different archetypes present in literature

6. Common Character Archetypes • The Sage • Temptress • Star-Crossed Lovers • The Innocent • The Scapegoat • The Devil Figure • The Outlaw or Destroyer • Jester • The Hero • The Ruler • The Initiates • Loyal Retainers • The Outcast • The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart • Earth Mother Just to name a few…

7. Character Archetypes: The Hero • Traditionally, the protagonist of a story • Often his past is a mystery • He is the champion, king, leader or savior of many • Endures pain and sorrow that all leads to a greater good

8. Character Archetypes: The Sage • Serves as a teacher or counselor to the initiate or future hero • Usually the “Wise Old Man” • Helps the hero see his potential or inner strength • Sometimes a Father or Mother figure • Guides the Hero on his Quest tied to the motif The Karate Kid’s Mr. Miyagi

9. Character Archetypes: The Orphan • Young heroes who must endure training • The Orphan can ultimately become a good character or a bad one • Must complete some type of an internal journey to determine their ultimate place in the world • They are Innocent and often wear white (sometimes only temporarily) In order to become a Jedi Knight, Luke Skywalker must come to terms with who he is and choose to be a Jedi or be tempted by the “Dark side of the Force”

10. Character Archetypes: Star-Crossed Lovers • These two characters are engaged in a love affair • Fated to end tragically • Society, family, or friends do not approve of the relationship • Sometimes these characters can also be ill-fated friendships with the same result Romeo & Juliet ultimately pay the price for their love through their tragic death

11. Character Archetypes: Sacrificial Lamb • Human or Animal • Voluntarily sacrifices himself for the good of others • Usually an allegory for and allusion to Christ • Public death is a sin of the community • His death/ injury is usually necessary for the story to continue or the Hero to complete his quest Aslan from The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe chooses to face the White Witch alone (and ultimately death) to save Edmund.

12. Character Archetypes: The Fool • Always optimistic that things will turn out well • Symbolic of blind hope and always has time for “silly” things • Sees the best in people • Wears his heart on his sleeve, easily giving and getting hurt Despite many trials and tribulations, Dory’s indomitable spirit has her “just keep swimming” until she and Marlin find Nemo.

13. Character Archetypes: Sidekick • Somewhat heroic • Similar to a servant with hero-like qualities • Duty: Protect the Hero • Usually the hero and the sidekick’s fates will be intertwined • This is not like the Batman and Robin relationship, where the sidekick is an annoying “tag along” that gets the Hero in trouble; this character has an unyielding sense of loyalty and duty. Sam from Lord of The Rings is the loyal retainer of Frodo.

14. Character Archetype: The Outlaw/Destroyer • This character is often rejected from a society and, to gain revenge, wishes to destroy all forms of the society that rejected him • Sometimes this character begins as an orphan or another neutral character and is turned by tragedy

15. Character Archetypes: The Monster • Monster usually summoned from the deepest, darkest parts of the mind • It/he is usually an allegory for some larger social fear • Threatens the life of the hero and threatens to destroy society • This character does not always “look” outwardly like a monster, but can be so on the inside Summoned from nightmares, Freddy Krueger terrorized teens in the ‘80s and ‘90s in the Nightmare on Elm Street films.

16. Character Archetypes: The Outcast • Banished by Society or a social group • Destined to become a wanderer • Moves from place to place Until he learns manners, Hancock is the outcast of Los Angeles.

17. Character Archetypes: The Trickster • Plays tricks or otherwise disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior • Openly mocks and questions authority, promotes chaos/unrest • Brings new knowledge and wisdom Bugs Bunny plays tricks on his adversaries that show their weaknesses.

18. Character Archetypes: The Tyrant • A leader who is obsessed with power • May have started with good intentions, but now only wants power and steps on anyone in the way • Usually elected or given power, then becomes corrupted by it Hitler’s initial election led to his power-hungry ways that destroyed the lives of many people.

19. Character Archetypes: The Hag/Witch/Shaman • An older person who has a great deal of wisdom and usually a connection with magical forces • Community members consult this person for advice • Plays a vital part of the hero’s quest, but is uninvolved with the outcome of events In the film The Matrix, the Oracle gives spiritual advice to Neo in his quest for the truth.

20. Character Archetypes: The Sadist • Truly crazy character • His only desire is to create pain and suffering • Violent and craves control over life and death • Will never change and cannot be saved The Joker wreaks havoc on the lives of Gotham’s residents in The Dark Knight Rises.

21. Character Archetypes: The Doppelganger • A character who is a “double” of another character • Usually possesses opposite characteristics to “twin” character • “A ghostly double of a living person” Spider-man’s good qualities become the opposite while he is wearing the black suit.

22. What is a Situational Archetype? • A given experience that a hero or character must endure to move from one place in life to the next • Actions and events that add to the plot • A common event seen throughout stories in may different genres

23. Examples of Situational Archetypes The Quest The Task The Initiation The Journey The Fall Death and Rebirth Nature vs. Mechanistic World Good vs. Evil The Unhealable Wound The Ritual

24. Situational Archetypes:The Quest • A quest describes a search for someone or something of great power or importance • A quest is never easily accomplished and often includes near impossiblechallenges

25. Situational Archetypes:The Task • The Hero must perform some nearly superhuman deed • This is done to save the kingdom, win the girl, or find himself • Example: Arthur pulls the sword from the stone

26. Situational Archetypes:The Initiation • An initiation symbolizes a rite of passage • An adolescent may come into adulthood through an initiatory event • Very much connected with growing up and maturity • Masons created an initiation process that many secret societies still follow to date

27. Situational Archetypes:The Journey • Sends the hero on a search for some truth or information • Forces the hero to discover many unpleasant truths • At his lowest point, the hero will return to the world of the living

28. Situational Archetypes:The Fall • Shows a descent from a higher to lower state of being • Represents a loss of innocence • Usually comes with some type of expulsion as a result of disobedience

29. Situational Archetypes:Death and Rebirth • The most common of all situational archetypes • Parallels the cycle of nature with the cycle of life • Morning or Spring = Birth or Youth • Evening or Winter = Old Age or Death

30. Situational Archetypes:Nature vs. Technology • Nature represents purity and good • Technology represents evil and corruption • In this archetype, technology destroys nature

31. Situational Archetypes:Good vs. Evil • Battle between two primal forces • Traditionally, Good will triumph over evil • Can be found in almost any movie, book, or television show • Simba (good) vs. Scar (evil) in The Lion King

32. Situational Archetypes:The Unhealable Wound • Either physical or psychological damage that cannot be repaired • Indicates a loss of innocence • Drive the sufferer to extremes Anakin Skywalker (Darth Vader) will never fully recover from his battle wounds. He is forced into a mechanical suit because of his lost limbs and scarring.

33. Situational Archetypes:The Ritual • Mark a rite of passage • Show character’s role in society • Explain a person’s role in the world Baptism is an important ritual of the Christian faith. Once baptized, a person officially becomes a Christian.

34. Symbolic Archetypes These serve as a representation of a specific person, act, deed, place or conflict. They are easily recognizable but not as common as situational archetypes. • Light vs. Darkness • Water vs. Desert • Heaven vs. Hell • The Magic Weapon • Innate Wisdom vs. Educated Stupidity • Haven vs. Wilderness • Supernatural Intervention • Fire vs. Ice

35. Symbolic Archetypes: Light vs. Darkness • Light suggests hope, renewal, or enlightenment • Darkness implies mystery, ignorance, or despair The battle of light and darkness will stretch beyond actual light and dark. The good (light) and bad (dark) can be seen through a story’s characters and their actions.

36. Symbolic Archetypes: Water vs. Desert Water appears as a symbol of fertility and birth; it may symbolize a spiritual birth or the beginning of something. It brings about hope for new life and spirituality. A Desert typically represents a loss of life, hope, or faith. It might bring about loss of life, faith, or hope.

37. Symbolic Archetypes: Heaven vs. Hell • Places not easily accessible by man are regarded as the dwelling places of either the gods or demons • The skies, clouds, or mountains house the gods. Heaven is also associated with light and nature. • Canyons, caves, and the inner earth play home to the evil forces of the world. Hell is often associated with fire, demons, evil, and the unknown places of earth.

38. Symbolic Archetypes: The Magic Weapon • A symbol of the hero’s extraordinary quality • No other can use it to its full potential • Traditionally given by a mentor Arthur pulls the sword from the stone, not because he is stronger than others, but because of his good qualities and righteousness

39. Symbolic Archetypes: Innate Wisdom vs. Educated Stupidity • Some characters are more experienced and in turn have a mystic wisdom • Other characters are educated, powerful, and, often times…stupid • The wise one is usually an assistant while the stupid-smarty is a leader Though they work as a team, Alfred is wise with experience while Bruce Wayne is a college graduate who has a knack for flying by the seat of his pants despite his butler’s advice.

40. Symbolic Archetypes: Haven vs. Wilderness • Places of safety contrast with the unknown threatening forces of the wilderness • Heroes often must return to a safe haven in order to regain health or supplies Log Cabins serve as a haven to many who enjoy living in the heart of a wild world. The Batcave. Home of The Batman.

41. Symbolic Archetypes: Supernatural Intervention • God or gods intervene in a given situation • The gods will often favor the hero, but occasionallythey do not • This is seen throughout Greek Mythology as well as most practiced religions • In the movie 300, the gods intervened when “Zeus hurled thunderbolts and rain storms as the enemy ships crashed against the rock.”

42. Symbolic Archetypes: Fire vs. Ice • Typically, fire represents knowledge, light, life, fertility and (re)birth • Ice will usually represent a deserted place,ignorance, sterility, and death