Essentials Of Computing I CSCI 104 Computing Concepts

1. Essentials Of Computing I CSCI 104 Computing Concepts

2. Objectives • Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. • Distinguish between system and application software. • Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. • Distinguish between basic and specialized application software. • Identify the four types of computers and the four type of microcomputers.

3. Objectives (continued) • Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. • Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. • Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, and the Internet.

4. Introduction • What is Computer competency? • Microcomputers are tools for work and play • New forms of learning have developed • New ways to communicate and reach out to people are available

5. Parts of an Information System • People • Software • Hardware • Data

6. People • Most important part of any system • Contact is … • Direct • Indirect • Computer uses • Business & Entertainment • Education & Medicine • Infinite

7. Software

8. Software • AKA Programs • Two major kinds of software • System Software (Operating Systems Related) • Application Software (Programs)

9. Software • System Software – Microsoft Windows • Linux (& its distrubutions) • Mac OS X • Windows 7 • Windows 8 • What are the different version of Windows? • Application Software – Microsoft Office • Core applications – Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint • Personal Information Manager – Outlook • Other applications – Dreamweaver and Publisher

10. System Software: Operating Systems • What do they do? • Provide User Interface • Interface between hardware and software • RAM Management • Hard Drive Management • Process Management • Network connections • Utilities: • Disk cleanup • Defrag • Windows Explorer • Others…

11. Application Software • “End-user” software • Two major categories • Basic Application or General purpose • Specialized applications • Don’t see too often • Most programmerswork on these. • Examples?

12. Data • Raw, unprocessed facts • Processing creates information • Stored electronically in files • Document Files • Worksheet Files • Database Files • Presentation Files

13. Document Files • Created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers, and letters

14. Worksheet Files • Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales

15. Database Files • Typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data

16. Presentation Files • Created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.

17. Hardware

18. Types of Computers • Clusters • Supercomputers • Mainframe computers • Microcomputers • Tablet

19. Types of Microcomputers • Desktop • Notebook or Laptop • Tablet PC

20. Desktop Computers • Are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around

21. Notebook or Laptop Computers • Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcases • Advantages & Disadvantages compared to a desktop?

22. PC Tablet • Is a type of notebook computer that accepts your handwriting and senses touch. This input is digitized and converted for further processing by programs. • Other differences

23. Microcomputer Hardware • Four basic categories of equipment: - System Unit - Input/Output - Secondary Storage - Communication

24. Input/Output • Common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse • Others? • Common output devices are printers and monitors • Others

25. System Unit

26. The Microprocessor • Original chips were numbered • 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486 • You could buy chips from multiple vendors • Intel trademarked its chip as the Pentium • Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV • Clock speed (MHz or GHz) differentiates chips • Dual Core, Quad Core • The central processing unit (cpu)

27. Memory (AKA RAM) • Transient (erased when power turned off) • Consider a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) • Measured in Bytes • 1 Kilobyte = 210 characters (~1,000 bytes) • 1 Megabyte = 220 characters (~1,000,000 bytes) • 1 Gigabyte = 230 characters (~1,000,000,000 bytes) • Comes with 2GB up to 16GB of RAM • Keep multiple programs & data files in memory • Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory • The Original PC had 16Kb of memory

28. Auxiliary Storage • Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available

29. Auxiliary Storage • Hard (fixed) disk • 1 TB and higher • Removable storage • CD-ROM • CD-R/CD-RW • DVD/DVD-R/DVD-RW • Tape (common for backups) • Flash Drives & SD Cards • Outdated • Zip disks • Floppy Disks

30. How Computers Work

31. How System Hardware Interacts RAM Input Output CPU CD , DVD, Flash Drive Hard Drive

32. What’s the story with Binary? • All computers communicate using Binary • What is Binary? • How its used in communication • What if all we had were two light bulbs example • ASCII Chart

34. Inside the PC • All computers are based on the binary number system • A bit or binary digit has one of two values, zero or one • A byte is the smallest addressable unit of memory (8 bits) • ASCII provides for 256(or 28) characters • 01000001 – A • 01000010 – B • etc. • Why not just speak English? On Off

35. Networking

36. Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet • Connectivity • Sharing of information • Wirelesscommunication is becoming popular • Computer networks • Connected communication system of computers • Largest network is the Internet

37. Communications • Communication Devices enable microcomputers the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globe • The modem (short for Modulator/Demodulator) is the most widely used communication device • Modems modify telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer • Modems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines • Network Card – Wireless and Wired (Ethernet)

38. Networks • What is a network? • Why do organizations like Edinboro have them? • Common Protocol – Ethernet • How does it work? • Group of people talking • Where else uses them • Gas station • ATM

39. The Internet and World Wide Web • The Internet • Network of networks • Began in 1969 as a government project • Original network had 4 computers; • No central authority and thus impossible to know the exact size • The World Wide Web • A subset of the Internet consisting of computers that store hypertext documents • Invented by Tim Berners Lee who wanted to share notes with colleagues at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland

40. Internet • Briefly how does it work • Protocols • TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (language of the internet) • IP Address – Internet Protocol Address • HTML – All web pages written in • HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol • HTTPS –HTTP Secure • ISP – Internet Service Provider

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42. A Web Site HTTP protocol Web address (or URL) Internet Explorer is the browser

43. Internet • What else runs on the Internet besides the World Wide Web? • E-mail • VoIP • IRC • Telnet • File Sharing (Torrents)

44. Knowing how to Purchase a PC

45. Purchase of a PC (1) • What to Consider • How much can you spend? • Desktop or Laptop? • What will it be used for? • Hardware • RAM • Hard Drive Size • Screen Size • Network Card

46. Purchase of a PC (2) • Sound Card • Video Card • Does it have memory? • Processor Speed • Processor Type • Apple vs. PC (IBM Clone) • What is an IBM Clone? • Assignment 2

48. File Management

49. Disk and File Management • A file is a set of instructions or data • Program file: Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel • Data File: Document or workbook • Copy, move, rename or delete a file • A folder allows us to organize our files • May contain files and/or other folders • A back up strategy is critical • What (data), When (whenever it changes), Where (off site), How (Windows Explorer), and Who (you)

50. Windows Explorer Exercise(Assignment 1) • Run the program • Make folders • Make sub-folders • Good naming