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Lesson 9 COMPRESSION PROCESSES

Lesson 9 COMPRESSION PROCESSES. Apply the ideal gas laws to SOLVE for the unknown pressure, temperature, or volume. DESCRIBE when a fluid may be considered to be incompressible. CALCULATE the work done in constant pressure and constant volume processes.

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Lesson 9 COMPRESSION PROCESSES

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  1. Lesson 9COMPRESSION PROCESSES • Apply the ideal gas laws to SOLVE for the unknown pressure, temperature, or volume. • DESCRIBE when a fluid may be considered to be incompressible. • CALCULATE the work done in constant pressure and constant volume processes. • DESCRIBE the effects of pressure changes on confined fluids. • DESCRIBE the effects of temperature changes on confined fluids.

  2. Boyle’s Law The pressure of a gas expanding at constant temperature varies inversely to the volume or (P1)(V1) = (P2)(V2) = (P3)(V3) = constant.

  3. Charles’ Law The pressure of a gas varies directly with temperature when the volume is held constant, and the volume varies directly with temperature when the pressure is held constant or V1 /V2 = T 1/T2 or P 1/P2 = T 1/T2

  4. Ideal Gas Law Combination of Charles' and Boyle's Laws gives P v /T = constant This is the ideal gas constant and is designated by R The ideal gas equation becomes Pv = RT where the pressure and temperature are absolute values.

  5. Ideal Gas Constant Values

  6. Pressure – Volume Diagram

  7. Fluids • Any substance that conforms to the shape of its container. It may be either a liquid or a gas. • Compressibility • Liquid – Incompressible • Gas – Compressible • Constant Pressure Process • W1-2 = P(ΔV) • Constant Volume Process • W1-2 = V(ΔP) • W1-2 = mv(ΔP) • Effects of Pressure and Temperature changes on Fluid Properties

  8. Air Compressors • Types • Classifications • Components • Principles of Operation • Failure Mechanisms and Symptoms

  9. Air Compressors - Types • Rotary • Reciprocating • Centrifugal

  10. Air Compressors - Classifications • Pressure • Construction and Operation Features • Air Quality

  11. Air Compressors – ClassificationsPressure • Low-pressure air compressors (LPACs) - discharge pressure of 150 psi or less • Medium-pressure compressors - discharge pressure of 151 psi to 1,000 psi • High-pressure air compressors (HPACs) - discharge pressure above 1,000 psi

  12. Air Compressors – ClassificationsConstruction and Operation Features • Positive DisplacementType • Reciprocating • Rotary • Rotary Screw • Rotary Vane • DynamicType. • Centrifugal • Axial Flow • Blower Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/1098992

  13. Air Compressors - Components • Staging • Relief valve • Cooling water

  14. Air Compressors – Principles of Operation • Two primary components • Compressing mechanism - helps in compressing atmospheric air by using energy from the power source. • piston, • rotating impeller • vane • Power source. • electric motor • other energy sources. • Atmospheric air is drawn in through an intake valve • More and more air is pulled inside a limited space mechanically by means of the compressing mechanism • Amount of air is increased in the constant volume receiver or storage tank, pressure is raised automatically. • When pressure increases to the maximum pressure setting in the receiver or tank, the pressure switch shuts off the intake of air in the compressor. • When the compressed air is used, the pressure level falls. • As the pressure drops to a low pressure setting, the pressure switch is turned on, thus allowing the intake of atmospheric air. • Cycle continues

  15. Air Compressor Failure Mechanisms and Symptoms • Power loss • Line ruptures • Air pressure reduction • Air operated component repositioning

  16. Diesel Engines • Principles of Operation • Main Structural Components • Main Moving Components • Accessories/ Support Systems • Failure Mechanisms and Symptoms

  17. Diesel Engine Principles of Operation • Internal Combustion • Compression ignition • Diesel Cycle

  18. Idealized Diesel Cycle

  19. Diesel Engine Main Structural Components • Frame • Block • Pedestal • Fuel distribution system

  20. Diesel Engine Main Moving Components • Pistons • Cylinders • Crankshaft • Bearings • Valves • Control air • Turbochargers

  21. Diesel Engine Accessories/ Support Systems • Air start • Cooling water • Lube oil • Electrical • Fuel oil distribution

  22. Diesel Engine Failure Mechanisms and Symptoms • Failure to start • Failure to reach operating speed • Failure to stop • Rough idling

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