Six Articles of Faith

5. Six Articles of Faith A true Muslim believes in • Angels • Fate • Prophets • Allah • Day ofJudgement • Divine Books

6. Allah 99 names of Allah: • The Exceedingly Compassionate, Beneficent, Gracious, The Merciful, The King, The Sovereign, The Holy, The Divine, The Peace, The Guarantor, The Affirming…

8. Angels and Jinn Angels Made of light and have wings Don’t have free will Used for communicating revelations from God, glorifying God, recording people’s actions, taking a person’s soul at time of death Jinn Created from smokeless fire Have free will, good and bad Can look like humans or animals (pure black dog/cat/snake) Satan is a fallen Jinn (called Iblis)

9. Quran • Means “the recitation” • Delivered by Gabriel to Muhammad in a cave in 610 AD • Received revelations over 23 years

10. Medina Mecca

11. Quran • Muhammad couldn’t read or write, so he had to memorise and recite to his disciples • Compiled 20 years after Muhammad’s death • Consists of 114 chapters (suras) • Cover ethics, history, law and theology • Written as poetry and prose (some rhyming) • This dialect of Arabic became the formal Arabic of the Islamic nations

12. Tajwid • Tajwid determines how the Quran should be recited: • Pronunciation • Pauses and resumption • Melody • 10 variations

13. Desecration • Most traditional schools require ritual ablutions • Burn or bury in cloth old books • Cannot recycle the paper • Desecration punishable by life imprisonment in some countries and by death in Afghanistan, Somalia and Pakistan

14. Relation to Bible • Biblical prophets are recognised • Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Saleh, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Jethro, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Ezekiel, Zechariah, John the Baptist, Jesus • Tanakhand New Testament are non-canonical but useful as a corrupted inspired text

15. Hadith • Collection of sayings and deeds of Muhammad as recorded by his companions • Supplements and clarifies Quran

16. Jesus (Isa) • Virgin birth • Well-built, average height, broad chest, fair complexion, long slightly curly hair to his shoulders • No Trinity • Allah gave the ability to perform miracles • Wasn’t crucified or resurrected • Didn’t die but ascended into heaven • Believe in second coming

17. Muhammad • Muhammad Ibn Abdullah born in 570 AD in Mecca and died in 632 AD • Got married at 25 to Khadija who was 40, and then had seven children • Had 12 wives during his life • Had 40 converts in the first 3 years • Early on the ruling tribe persecuted the Muslims with beating and boycotting their business • Settled in Medina, but became militant towards his later life and retook Mecca

18. Resurrection and Judgement • Bodily resurrection • Judged on good vs. bad deeds • Charity, prayer, compassion towards animals • Eschatology • Mahdi on a white horse • False messiah, Masih ad-Dajjal (aka Antichrist) • Return of Isa (Jesus) to slay Dajjal …

19. Predestination • “Ye shall not will except as God wills” • Allah has full knowledge and control over everything • Good and evil • Salvation

20. Five Pillars of Islam A true Muslim will undertake Confession Prayer Fasting Charity Pilgrimage

21. Confession of Faith (Shahada)aka How Convert to Islam • Everyone is a Muslim at birth, so accepting Islam reverts them back to the original condition • Three honest recitations of the shahadah with an Imam and others to witness: • “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God”

22. Prayer (Salah) • Focus mind on God and express gratitude and worship • In Arabic, with verses from Quran • Five times a day

23. Fasting (Sawm) • Ramadan • No drinking, eating, sex, smoking and chewing gum during daylight • 9 July to 7 August 2013 • Eid al-Fitr (Lesser Eid) • 7-8 August 2013 • Eid al-Adha (Greater Eid) • 14-15 October 2013

24. Charity (Zakat) • Charity given to poor • Helps giver by moving them towards more holiness and submission to Allah • 1/40 or 2.5% of capital assets per year

25. Pilgrimage (Hajj) • Pilgrimage to Mecca if they are able • Takes place in the last month of the Islamic calendar • 13-18 October 2013 • Walk counter clockwise around the Ka’aba • Run back and forth between hills • Drink from the Zamzam Well • Stand in vigil at Mount Arafat • Throw stones at the walls of Mina • Shave heads • Animal sacrifice

26. Ka’aba

27. Some Terms You MayHave Come Across

28. 30 10 15 28 2 12 0.5 0.2

29. Shariah • Covers • Hygiene, economics, diet, theological obligations, marriage, crime, military, dress code, etc. • Legal proceedings • No lawyers or jury • No binding precedents • Priority on oral testimony • Punishments • Qisas, Diyya, Hudud, Tazir

30. Means “lawful” or “permissible” • Applies to all food (animal by-products) • Meat from herbivorous animal slaughtered “in the name of God” by a Muslim, Jew or Christian • Forbidden: pork, blood, food offered to idols, carrion, alcohol • Can eat non-halal if no other option

31. Jihad • Means “to strive or struggle” • Can be used for visible enemy, Satan, or sinful desires • Greater jihad vs. lesser jihad • Muhammad ordered100 military expeditions • Physically took part in27 of these

32. Mosque

33. Madrasa • Islamic educational institution • Memorise Quran • Interpret Quran • Shariah • Hadiths • Jurisprudence • Muslim history

34. Hijaab • “Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty” • “Say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what must ordinarily appear; they should not display their beauty except to their husbands, fathers, husband’s fathers, sons…”

35. Hijaab • Body should be covered • Males: navel to knees • Women: complete body except face and hands • Clothes should be loose and not reveal figure • Clothes should not be transparent • Clothes should not be glamorous • Clothes should not resemble opposite sex • Clothes should not resemble unbelievers

36. Islamic Veils Niqab Burqa Chador Hijab

37. Women

38. Polygamy • Quran says “marry only one” … • Only religious book that provides that instruction • … but also says “Marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four, but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly, then only one” • Justified by: • Average lifespan of females is greater (inc. wars) • Female population is greater

39. Polyandry • Can’t easily identify who the parents are • Man is more polygamous by nature • Easier for a man to perform his duties as husband

40. Women • For witnessing financial transactions, either need two men, or one man and two women • Women inherit half of what a man receives

41. Islam in Contexts

42. Islam in India

43. Islam in India • 3rd largest population • Generally more children than Hindus • Castes • Ashrafs (Arab ancestry) vsAjlafs (Hindu converts) • Partition of India • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

44. Christianity and Islam • Catechism of the Catholic Church • “The plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims; these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind’s judge on the last day.” • Quran • Salvation for any Christians before Muhammad

46. Arabic Phrases